गणित
नेपाली विकिपीडियाबाट
गणित सङ्ख्या, संरचना, स्पेस र परिवर्तनको को वैज्ञानिक अध्ययन हो।
Because गणित looks at such general topics, it uses abstract (simpler, less specific) descriptions of objects to talk about things. The simplest example of this is numbers. In the real world two apples plus two apples makes four apples, two bricks plus two bricks makes four bricks so in mathematics this becomes the general statement "two plus two equals four". This is अंकगणित.
Another very simple example comes from set theory. If all blackbirds are black and one bird is not black it is not a blackbird. If all snow is white and another thing is not white it is not snow. In math we make this idea abstract by saying: if A is a subset of B then "not B" is a subset of "not A". For example, if you have something that is not black, it cannot be a blackbird.
By finding a general way to say something mathematics solves many problems at the same time. The examples of snow and blackbirds are easy to understand without math, but harder situations can be much easier to understand with math. Sometimes mathematics studies rules or ideas which have not yet been found in the real world. Often if the rules are chosen because they are simple, later on they are found in the real world and studying the rules helps us understand the world better.
गणित भन्ने शब्द संस्कृतबाट आएको हो।
गणितिय prediction is the basis of hard science, which almost always uses equations to predict events in physics. The philosophy of science explores this. However, creating mathematics is clearly a human science. The philosophy of mathematics explores these issues, and others regarding how mathematics fits into philosophy, ethics and real life.
विषयसूची |
[परिवर्तन्] Important themes in mathematics
- See also: List of mathematics topics
Here is a possible grouping of mathematical areas and topics.
[परिवर्तन्] मात्रा
- गिन्ती, नाप, र नाप पत्ता लगाउने तरीकाको विषय हो ।
- अंक – प्राकृतिक सङ्ख्या – पूर्णाङ्क – अनुपातीय सङ्ख्या – वास्तविक सङ्ख्या – संयुक्त सङ्ख्या – Hypercomplex numbers – Quaternions – Octonions – Sedenions – Hyperreal numbers – Surreal numbers – Ordinal numbers – Cardinal numbers – p-adic numbers – पूर्णाङ्कको अनुक्रम – गणितीय अचल – सङ्ख्याका नाम – अनन्तता – आधार
[परिवर्तन्] परिवर्तन
- Ways to express and handle change in mathematical functions, and changes between numbers.
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अंकगणितीय क्याल्कुलस भेक्टर क्याल्कुलस गणितीय एनालाइसिस 
Differential equations Dynamical systems Chaos theory
- अंकगणित – Calculus – Vector calculus – विश्लेषन – Differential equations – Dynamical systems – Chaos theory – List of functions
[परिवर्तन्] संरचना
- आकार, symmetry, र गणितीय संरचनाको बारेमा विचार उल्लेख गर्ने।
- अमूर्त वीजगणित – अङ्क सिद्धान्त – वीजगणितीय ज्यामिती – समूह सिद्धान्त – Monoids – विश्लेषन – Topology – रेखीय वीजगणित – लेखचित्र सिद्धान्त – विश्व वीजगणित – Category सिद्धान्त – Order सिद्धान्त – नाप सिद्धान्त
[परिवर्तन्] Spatial relations
- A more visual variant of mathematics.
- Topology – ज्यामिती – Trigonometry – वीजगणितीय ज्यामिती – Differential ज्यामिती – Differential topology – वीजगणितीय topology – रेखीय वीजगणित – Fractal ज्यामिती
[परिवर्तन्] Discrete mathematics
- Discrete mathematics is about objects, which can only have specific states.
[परिवर्तन्] गणितको प्रयोग जिवनमा
- Applied mathematics uses the full knowledge of mathematics to solve real-world problems.
- Mechanics – Numerical analysis – Optimization – Probability – Statistics – Financial mathematics – Game theory – Mathematical biology – Cryptography – Information theory – Fluid dynamics
[परिवर्तन्] प्रसिध साध्यहरु
- These theorems have interested mathematicians and non-mathematicians.
- Pythagorean theorem – Fermat's last theorem – Goldbach's conjecture – Twin Prime Conjecture – Gödel's incompleteness theorems – Poincaré conjecture – Cantor's diagonal argument – Four color theorem – Zorn's lemma – Euler's identity – Church-Turing thesis
[परिवर्तन्] Important theorems and conjectures
See list of theorems, list of conjectures for more
- These are theorems and conjectures that have changed the face of mathematics throughout history.
- Riemann hypothesis – Continuum hypothesis – P=NP – Pythagorean theorem – Central limit theorem – Fundamental theorem of calculus – Fundamental theorem of algebra – Fundamental theorem of arithmetic – Fundamental theorem of projective geometry – classification theorems of surfaces – Gauss-Bonnet theorem
[परिवर्तन्] Foundations and methods
- Progress in understanding the nature of mathematics also influence the way mathematicians study their subject.
- Philosophy of mathematics – Mathematical intuitionism – Mathematical constructivism – Foundations of mathematics – Set theory – Symbolic logic – Model theory – Category theory – Logic – Reverse Mathematics – Table of mathematical symbols
[परिवर्तन्] गणित र यसको ईतिहास
See also list of mathematics history topics
- Mathematics in history and the history of mathematics.
- History of mathematics – Timeline of mathematics – Mathematicians – Fields medal – Abel Prize – Millennium Prize Problems (Clay Math Prize) – International Mathematical Union – Mathematics competitions – Lateral thinking – Mathematical abilities and gender issues
[परिवर्तन्] गणित र अरु विधा
[परिवर्तन्] गणितिय औजार
- Tools, that are used to do mathematics or to calculate.
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