भूपरिवेष्ठित राष्ट्र

en:The World Factbookका अनुसार विश्वका भुपरिवेष्ठित राष्ट्रहरू।

भूपरिवेष्ठित राष्ट्र पूर्णरूपमा अथवा करिब-करिब वरिपरिबाट जमीनले घेरिएको राष्ट्र हो । हाल विश्वमा ४७ वटा भुपरिवेष्ठित देशहरू छन । नेपाल, भुटान, अष्ट्रिया केही उदाहरणहरू हुन । मुख्य भू-खण्डहरू मध्ये उत्तर अमेरिका र अष्ट्रेलिया महादेशमा एउटा पनि भुपरिवेष्ठित राष्ट्रहरू छैनन । यदि कुनै समुद्रको सवैतिर जमीनले घेरेर कुनै महासागरसँग पहुँच छैन भने त्यसलाई पनि भूपरिवेष्ठित भनिन्छ । उदाहरणका लागि क्यासपियन सागर ।

भूपरिवेष्ठित राष्ट्रहरू

यो लेख वा खण्ड नेपाली भाषामा नभएर अर्को भाषामा लेखिएको छ। यसलाई नेपाली भाषामा उल्था गर्न आवश्यक छ। यसलाई नेपालीमा उल्था गर्नुहोस। नेपालीमा लेख्ने तरिका हेर्न यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुहोस्।

राष्ट्र	क्षेत्रफल (बर्ग कि.मि.)	जनसंख्या
Afghanistan	647,500	29,117,000
Andorra	468	84,082
Armenia	29,743	3,254,300
Austria	83,871	8,396,760
Azerbaijan	86,600	8,997,400
Belarus	207,600	9,484,300
Bhutan	38,394	691,141
Bolivia	1,098,581	10,907,778
Botswana	582,000	1,990,876
Burkina Faso	274,222	15,746,232
Burundi	27,834	8,988,091
Central African Republic	622,984	4,422,000
Chad	1,284,000	10,329,208
Czech Republic	78,867	10 674 947
Ethiopia	1,104,300	85,237,338
Hungary	93,028	10,005,000
Kazakhstan	2,724,900	16,372,000
Kosovo	10,908	1,804,838
Kyrgyzstan	199,951	5,482,000
Laos	236,800	6,320,000
Lesotho	30,355	2,067,000
Liechtenstein	160	35,789
Luxembourg	2,586	502,202
Republic of Macedonia	25,713	2,114,550
Malawi	118,484	15,028,757
Mali	1,240,192	14,517,176
Moldova	33,846	3,567,500
Mongolia	1,564,100	2,736,800
Nagorno-Karabakh	11,458	138,000
Nepal	147,181	29,331,000
Niger	1,267,000	15,306,252
Paraguay	406,752	6,349,000
Rwanda	26,338	10,746,311
San Marino	61	31,716
Serbia	88,361	7,306,677
Slovakia	49,035	5,429,763
South Ossetia	3,900	72,000
Swaziland	17,364	1,185,000
Switzerland	41,284	7,785,600
Tajikistan	143,100	7,349,145
Transnistria	4,163	537,000
Turkmenistan	488,100	5,110,000
Uganda	241,038	32,369,558
Uzbekistan	447,400	27,606,007
Vatican City	0.44	826
Zambia	752,612	12,935,000
Zimbabwe	390,757	12,521,000
Total	16,963,624	470,639,181
Percentage of World	11.4%	6.9%

^a  Has a coast on the saltwater Caspian Sea

^b  Has a coast on the saltwater Aral Sea

^c  Disputed region with limited international recognition

^d  Completely landlocked by exactly one country

They can be grouped in contiguous groups as follows:

• Central Asian cluster (6): Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
• European cluster (9): Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo (partially recognized), Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Serbia, Slovakia and Switzerland,
• Central African cluster (5): Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Mali, Niger
• South African cluster (4): Botswana, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
• East African cluster (3): Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda
• Caucasian cluster (3): Armenia, Azerbaijan, Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognized),
• South American cluster (2): Bolivia, Paraguay

When South Sudan becomes independent the Central and Eastern African clusters as well as Ethiopia will be joined into one.

If it were not for the 40 km of coastline at Muanda, DR Congo would join all three African clusters into one, making them the biggest contiguous group in the world.

There are the following 'single' landlocked countries (each of them borders no other landlocked country):

• Africa (3): Ethiopia, Lesotho, Swaziland
• Asia (4): Bhutan, Laos, Mongolia, Nepal
• Europe (7): Andorra, Belarus, Luxembourg, Moldova, San Marino, and the State of the Vatican City
• Caucasus (1): South Ossetia (partially recognized)

If Transnistria is included then Moldova and Transnistria form their own cluster.

If the Caucasian countries are counted as part of Europe, then Europe has the most landlocked countries, at 19. Kazakhstan is also sometimes regarded as a transcontinental country, so if that is included, the count for Europe goes up to 20. If these countries are included in Asia, then Africa has the most, at 15. Depending on the status of the three transcontinental countries, Asia has between 9 and 14, while South America has only 2. North America and Oceania are the only continents with no landlocked countries.

Doubly landlocked country

A landlocked country surrounded only by other landlocked countries may be called a "doubly landlocked" country. A person in such a country has to cross at least two borders to reach a coastline.

There are currently two such countries in the world:

• Liechtenstein in Central Europe surrounded by Switzerland and Austria.
• Uzbekistan in Central Asia surrounded by Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan.

Uzbekistan has borders with Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan that border the landlocked but saltwater Caspian Sea, from which ships can reach the Sea of Azov by using the man-made Volga-Don Canal, and thence the Black Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, and the oceans.

There were no doubly landlocked countries in the world from the Unification of Germany in 1871 until the end of World War I. This is because Uzbekistan was part of the Russian Empire, and thus part of a country that was not landlocked; while Liechtenstein bordered Austria-Hungary, a country which had an Adriatic coast until it was dissolved in 1918. Upon the dissolution of Austria-Hungary Liechtenstein became a doubly landlocked country. There were again no doubly landlocked countries from 1938 until the end of World War II, as Nazi Germany had incorporated Austria, which meant that Liechtenstein bordered a country with a coast. After World War II Austria regained its independence and Liechtenstein became doubly landlocked once more. Upon the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan became the second doubly landlocked country.

Landlocked by a single country

There are only three countries that are landlocked by a single country – that is they are surrounded on all sides by just one country. Such a country is also called an enclave.

The three countries are:

• the republic of San Marino, an enclave in Italy
• the Vatican City, an enclave in the city of Rome, Italy
• the Kingdom of Lesotho, an enclave in South Africa