रक्तशास्त्र

यस पृष्ठमा अङ्ग्रेजी भाषाको सामाग्री प्रयोग गरिएको हुन सक्छ जसलाई नेपालीमा उल्था गर्नु पर्ने छ।
This page may contain English-language content that should be translated into Nepali.

Hematology (BE: haematology) is the branch of internal medicine र pediatrics that is concerned with blood, the blood-forming organs र blood diseases. Hematology includes the study of etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, र prevention of blood diseases.

Blood diseases affect the production of blood र its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, the mechanism of coagulation, etc.

Hematologists [सम्पादन गर्ने]

Medical doctors who work in hematology are known as hematologists. Their routine work may range from the management of the hematology laboratory, work at the microscope viewing blood films र bone marrow slides, interpretation of various hematology test results, care of in-patients र care of out-patients.

Hematologists may specialise further or have special interests, for example in:

treating bleeding disorders such as hemophilia
treating hematological malignacies such as lymphoma र leukemia (onco hematology)
treating hemoglobinopathies
in the science of blood transfusion र the work of a blood bank

Hematology as basic medical science [सम्पादन गर्ने]

Classification of hematology diseases [सम्पादन गर्ने]

Hemoglobinopathies (congenital abnormality of the hemoglobin molecule or of the rate of hemoglobin synthesis)
Anemias (lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin)
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Megaloblastic anemia
  - Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency
    - Pernicious anemia
  - Folate deficiency
- Hemolytic anemias (destruction of red blood cells)
  - Genetic disorders of RBC membrane
    - Hereditary spherocytosis
    - Hereditary elliptocytosis
  - Genetic disorders of RBC metabolism
    - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD)
    - Pyruvate kinase deficiency
  - Immune mediated hemolytic anaemia (direct Coombs test is positive)
    - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
      - Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
        
        Idiopathic
        
        Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
        
        Evans' syndrome (antiplatelet antibodies र haemolytic antibodies)
      - Cold antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
        
        Idiopathic cold hemagglutinin syndrome
        
        Infectious mononucleosis
        
        Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (rare)
    - Alloimmune hemolytic anemia
      - Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
        
        Rh disease (Rh D)
        
        ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn
        
        Anti-Kell hemolytic disease of the newborn
        
        Rhesus c hemolytic disease of the newborn
        
        Other blood group incompatibility (RhC, Rhe, RhE, Kid, Duffy, MN, P र others)
    - Drug induced immune mediated hemolytic anaemia
      - Penicillin (high dose)
      - Methyldopa
  - Hemoglobinopathies (where these is an unstable or crystaline hemoglobin)
  - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (rare acquired clonal disorder of red blood cell surface proteins)
  - Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
- Aplastic anemia
Decreased numbers of cells
- Myelodysplastic syndrome
- Myelofibrosis
- Neutropenia (decrease in the number of neutrophils)
- Agranulocytosis
- Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
- Thrombocytopenia (decrease in the number of platelets)
  - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
  - Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Myeloproliferative disorders (Increased numbers of cells)
- Polycythemia vera (increase in the number of cells in general)
- Leukocytosis (increase in the number of white blood cells)
- Thrombocytosis (increase in the number of platelets)
- Myeloproliferative disorder
Hematological malignancies
Coagulopathies (disorders of bleeding र coagulation)
- Thrombocytosis
- Recurrent thrombosis
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- Disorders of clotting proteins
  - Hemophilia
    - Hemophilia A
    - Hemophilia B (also known as Christmas disease)
    - Hemophilia C
  - Von Willebrand disease
  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation
  - Protein S deficiency
  - Antiphospholipid syndrome
- Disorders of platelets
Miscellaneous
Haemotological changes secondary to non-haemotological disorders

Tests [सम्पादन गर्ने]

Tests used in the investigation of haematological problems include:

Treatments [सम्पादन गर्ने]

Treatments include:

Diet advice
Oral medication - tablets or liquid medicines
Anticoagulation therapy
Intramuscular injections (for example, Vitamin B12 injections)
Blood transfusion (for anemia)
Venesection (for iron overload or polycythemia)
Bone marrow transplant (for example, for leukemia)
Chemotherapy (for example, for leukemia)
Radiotherapy (in decline, for example, for leukemia)

Alphabetical lists [सम्पादन गर्ने]

External links [सम्पादन गर्ने]

स्वास्थ्य विज्ञान – चिकित्साशास्त्र
एनेस्थेसियोलोजी \| चर्मशास्त्र \| आकस्मिक चिकित्सा \| साधारण चिकित्सक \| आन्तरिक चिकित्सा \| स्नायुशास्त्र \| प्रसवशास्त्र र महिलारोग शास्त्र \| अकुपेसनल् चिकित्सा \| रोगशास्त्र \| बालरोगशास्त्र \| भौतिक चिकित्सा र पूनर्स्थापना \| मानसिक चिकित्सा \| सामाजिक स्वास्थ्य \| रेडियोलोजी \| शल्यचिकित्सा
आन्तरिक चिकित्साक हाँगाहरु
हृदयशास्त्र \| ग्रन्थिशास्त्र \| ग्यास्त्रोएन्टेरोलोजी \| रक्तशास्त्र \| सरुवा रोग चिकित्सा \| ईन्टेन्सिभ केयर चिकित्सा \| मृगौलाशास्त्र \| ओन्कोलोजी \| फोक्सोशास्त्र \| रिउम्याटोलोजी
शल्यचिकित्साका हाँगाहरु
हृदयछाती शल्यचिकित्सा \| चार्मिक शल्यचिकित्सा \| साधारण शल्यचिकित्सा \| महिला शल्यचिकित्सा \| स्नायुशल्यचिकित्सा \| नेत्रशल्यचिकित्सा \| मुख तथा अनुहार शल्यचिकित्सा \| अंग प्रत्यारोपण \| हाडजोर्नी शल्यचिकित्सा \| ओटोल्यारिंजियोलोजी (ENT) \| बाल्यशल्यचिकित्सा \| प्लास्टिक शल्यचिकित्सा \| क्यान्सर शल्यचिकित्सा \| चोट शल्यचिकित्सा \| युरोलोजी \| धमनी शल्यचिकित्सा

रक्तशास्त्र

विषयसूची

Hematologists [सम्पादन गर्ने]

Hematology as basic medical science [सम्पादन गर्ने]

Classification of hematology diseases [सम्पादन गर्ने]

Tests [सम्पादन गर्ने]

Treatments [सम्पादन गर्ने]

Alphabetical lists [सम्पादन गर्ने]

External links [सम्पादन गर्ने]

नेविगेशन मेनू

व्यक्तिगत औजारहरू

नेमस्पेस

बहुरुपहरु

अवलोकनहरू

क्रियाहरु

खोज

अन्वेषण

सहायता

विविध पृष्ठहरू

औजारबट्टा

अरु भाषामा