१६ नोभेम्बर

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घटनाहरू

• ५३४ – कोडेक्स जस्टिनियानस्को एउटा अर्को र अंतिम संशोधन प्रकाशित भयो
• १४९१ – An auto de fé, held in the Brasero de la Dehesa outside of Ávila, concludes the case of the Holy Child of La Guardia with the public execution of several Jewish and converso suspects.
• १५३२ – Francisco Pizarro and his men capture Inca Emperor Atahualpa.
• १७७६ – American Revolutionary War: Hessian mercenaries capture Fort Washington from the Patriots.
• १७७६ – American Revolution: The United Provinces (Low Countries) recognize the independence of the United States.
• १८०५ – Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Schöngrabern – Russian forces under Pyotr Bagration delay the pursuit by French troops under Murat.
• १८२१ – American Old West: Missouri trader William Becknell arrives in Santa Fe, New Mexico over a route that became known as the Santa Fe Trail.
• १८४९ – A Russian court sentences Fyodor Dostoevsky to death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group; his sentence is later commuted to hard labor.
• १८५२ – The English astronomer John Russell Hind discovers the asteroid २२ Kalliope.
• १८५७ – Second relief of Lucknow. Twenty-four Victoria Crosses are awarded, the most in a single day.
• १८६३ – American Civil War: Battle of Campbell's Station near Knoxville, Tennessee. Confederate troops unsuccessfully attack Union forces.
• १८८५ – Canadian rebel leader of the Métis and "Father of Manitoba", Louis Riel is executed for treason.
• १९०७ – Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory become Oklahoma and are admitted as the ४६th U.S. state.
• १९०७ – Cunard Line's RMS Mauretania (१९०६), sister ship of RMS Lusitania, sets sail on her maiden voyage from Liverpool, England to New York City.
• १९१४ – The Federal Reserve Bank of the United States officially opens.
• १९३८ – LSD is first synthesized by Swiss chemist Dr. Albert Hofmann at the Sandoz Laboratories in Basel, Switzerland.
• १९४० – World War II: In response to Germany's leveling of Coventry, England two days before, the Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg.
• १९४० – Holocaust: In occupied Poland, the Nazis close off the Warsaw Ghetto from the outside world.
• १९४३ – World War II: American bombers strike a hydro-electric power facility and heavy water factory in German-controlled Vemork, Norway.
• १९४४ – Dueren, Germany is destroyed by Allied bombers.
• १९४५ – Cold War: Operation Paperclip: The United States Army secretly admits ८८ German scientists and engineers to help in the development of rocket technology.
• १९४५ – UNESCO is founded.
• १९६५ – Venera program: The Soviet Union launches the Venera ३ space probe toward Venus, the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet.
• १९७३ – Skylab program: NASA launches Skylab ४ with a crew of three astronauts from Cape Canaveral, Florida for an ८४-day mission.
• १९७३ – U.S. President Richard Nixon signs the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act into law, authorizing the construction of the Alaska Pipeline.
• १९७९ – The first line of Bucharest Metro (Line M१) is opened from Timpuri Noi to Semanatoarea in Bucharest, Romania.
• १९८८ – The Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR declares that Estonia is "sovereign" but stops short of declaring independence.
• १९८८ – In the first open election in more than a decade, voters in Pakistan elect populist candidate Benazir Bhutto to be Prime Minister of Pakistan.
• १९८९ – A death squad composed of El Salvadoran army troops kills six Jesuit priests and two others at Jose Simeon Canas University.
• १९८९ – UNESCO adopts the Seville Statement on Violence at the twenty-fifth session of its General Conference.
• १९९७ – After nearly १८ years of incarceration, the People's Republic of China releases Wei Jingsheng, a pro-democracy dissident, from jail for medical reasons.
• २००० – Bill Clinton becomes the first U.S. President to visit Vietnam since the end of the Vietnam War.

जन्म तिथि

• ई०पू० ४२ – Tiberius, Roman emperor (d. ३७)
• १४३६ – Leonardo Loredan, Doge of the Republic of Venice (d. १५२१)
• १६०३ – Augustyn Kordecki, Polish prior (d. १६७३)
• १६४३ – Jean Chardin, French explorer (d. १७०३)
• १७१७ – Jean le Rond d'Alembert, French mathematician (d. १७९३)
• १७२० – Carlo Antonio Campioni, Italian composer (d. १७८८)
• १७५३ – James McHenry, Early American statesman (d. १८१६)
• १७५८ – Peter Andreas Heiberg, Danish author and philologist (d. १८४१)
• १७६६ – Rodolphe Kreutzer, French violinist (d. १८३१)
• १८३६ – David Kalakaua of Hawaii, Hawaiian king (d. १८९१)
• १८३९ – Louis-Honoré Fréchette, French Canadian poet (d. १९०८)
• १८४१ – Jules Violle, French physicist (d. १९२३)
• १८४७ – Edmund James Flynn, Canadian politician (d. १९२७)
• १८५१ – Minnie Hauk, American operatic soprano (d. १९२९)
• १८६२ – Charles Turner, Australian cricketer (d. १९४४)
• १८८० – Alexander Blok, Russian poet (d. १९२१)
• १८८५ – Michael Gonzi, Maltese archbishop (d. १९८४)
• १८७३ – W. C. Handy, American composer (d. १९५८)
• १८८८ – Luis Cluzeau Mortet, Uruguayan composer and musician (d. १९५७)
• १८८९ – George S. Kaufman, American playwright (d. १९६१)
• १८८९ – Dietrich Kraiss, German Generalleutnant during World War II (d. १९४४)
• १८९० – Elpidio Quirino, ६^th President of the Philippines (d. १९५६)
• १८९२ – Guo Moruo, Chinese writer (d. १९७८)
• १८९२ – Tazio Nuvolari, Italian racing driver (d. १९५३)
• १८९५ – Olga Nikolaevna, Russian Grand Duchess (d. १९१८)
• १८९५ – Paul Hindemith, German composer (d. १९६३)
• १८९६ – Pavel Sergeevich Alexandrov, Russian mathematician (d. १९८२)
• १८९६ – Joan Lindsay, Australian author (d. १९८४)
• १८९६ – Oswald Mosley, British fascist (d. १९८०)
• १८९६ – Lawrence Tibbett, American singer (d. १९६०)
• १८९७ – Choudhary Rehmat Ali, Pakistani nationalist (d. १९५१)
• १८९९ – Mary Margaret McBride, Radio commentator (d. १९७६)
• १९०४ – Nnamdi Azikiwe, President of Nigeria (d. १९९६)
• १९०५ – Eddie Condon, American musician (d. १९७३)
• १९०७ – Burgess Meredith, American actor (d. १९९७)
• १९१४ – Eddie Chapman, British World War II spy and double agent, aka Agent Zigzag (d. १९९७)
• १९१६ – Daws Butler, American voice actor (d. १९८८)
• १९२२ – Gene Amdahl, American computer scientist
• १९२२ – José Saramago, Portuguese writer, Nobel laureate (d. २०१०)
• १९२४ – Mel Patton, American athlete
• १९२८ – Clu Gulager, American actor
• १९३० – Chinua Achebe, Nigerian author
• १९३० – Salvatore Riina, Sicilian mafioso, multiple murderer
• १९३१ – Luciano Bottaro, Italian comic book artist (d. २००६)
• १९३१ – Hubert Sumlin, American blues musician
• १९३३ – Garnet Mimms, American singer
• १९३५ – Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah, Iraqi-born Lebanese Shiite Muslim cleric and Hezbollah mentor (d. २०१०)
• १९३६ – John Moore, Australian politician
• १९३८ – Robert Nozick, American philosopher (d. २००२)
• १९४० – Donna McKechnie, American actress, dancer
• १९४१ – Gerry Marshall, British race car driver (d. २००५)
• १९४२ – Willie Carson, Scottish jockey
• १९४२ – Joanna Pettet, English-American actress
• १९४४ – Oliver Braddick, British psychologist
• १९४६ – Terence McKenna, American writer (d. २०००)
• १९४६ – Jo Jo White, American basketball player
• १९४७ – Ebby Thust, German boxing promoter and writer
• १९४८ – Horst Bertram, German footballer
• १९४८ – Bonnie Greer, American playwright and critic
• १९४९ – Arrow, Montserratian soca musician (d. २०१०)
• १९५० – David Leisure, American actor
• १९५० – John Swartzwelder, American television writer and novelist
• १९५१ – Miguel Sandoval, American actor
• १९५२ – Robin McKinley, American writer
• १९५२ – Piero Falchetta, Italian archivist, Biblioteca Marciana
• १९५२ – Shigeru Miyamoto, Japanese video game designer
• १९५३ – Griff Rhys Jones, Welsh comedian, writer and actor
• १९५४ – Andrea Barrett, American author
• १९५४ – Bruce Edwards, American golf caddy (d. २००४)
• १९५४ – Dick Gross, Australian politician
• १९५५ – Pierre Larouche, Canadian National Hockey League player
• १९५६ – Terry Labonte, American NASCAR driver
• १९५७ – Jacques Gamblin, French actor
• १९५८ – Marg Helgenberger, American actress
• १९५८ – Boris Krivokapić, Serbian academic
• १९६१ – Frank Bruno, British boxer
• १९६१ – Corinne Hermès, French singer
• १९६२ – Gary Mounfield, English musician (Primal Scream)
• १९६२ – Josh Silver, American musician (Type O Negative)
• १९६४ – Dwight Gooden, American baseball player
• १९६४ – Diana Krall, Canadian Jazz pianist and singer
• १९६४ – Harry J. Lennix, American actor
• १९६४ – Maeve Quinlan, American actress
• १९६४ – Valeria Bruni Tedeschi, Italian actress
• १९६५ – Mika Aaltonen, Finnish footballer
• १९६५ – Mark Benton, English actor
• १९६६ – Christian Lorenz, German keyboardist (Rammstein)
• १९६६ – Dean McDermott, Canadian actor
• १९६६ – Tahir Shah, British travel writer and explorer
• १९६६ – Dave Kushner, American guitarist (Velvet Revolver)
• १९६७ – Craig Arnold, American poet
• १९६७ – Lisa Bonet, American actress
• १९६८ – Vlado Šola, Croatian handball goalkeeper
• १९६८ – Melvin Stewart, American swimmer
• १९७० – Martha Plimpton, American actress
• १९७० – Logan Mader, American guitarist (Machine Head)
• १९७१ – Mustapha Hadji, Moroccan footballer
• १९७१ – Alexander Popov, Russian swimmer
• १९७१ – Koshi Rikdo, Japanese mangaka
• १९७१ – Waqar Younis, Pakistani cricketer
• १९७२ – Missi Pyle, American actress
• १९७३ – Christian Horner, British Formula One team owner
• १९७३ – Brendan Laney, Scottish rugby player
• १९७४ – Eric Judy, American Musician
• १९७४ – Maurizio Margaglio, Italian ice dancer
• १९७४ – Paul Scholes, British footballer
• १९७५ – Julio Lugo, Dominican baseball player
• १९७६ – Mario Barravecchia, Italian singer
• १९७६ – Juha Pasoja, Finnish footballer
• १९७६ – Danny Wallace, British author
• १९७६ – Martijn Zuijdweg, Dutch swimmer
• १९७७ – Oksana Baiul, Ukrainian figure skater
• १९७७ – Maggie Gyllenhaal, American actress
• १९७७ – Mauricio Ochmann, Mexican actor
• १९७८ – Kip Bouknight, American baseball player
• १९७८ – Gary Naysmith, Scottish footballer
• १९७८ – Carolina Parra, Brazilian musician (CSS)
• १९७९ – Tony Frias, American footballer
• १९७९ – Bruce Irons, American surfer
• १९८० – Kayte Christensen, American basketball player
• १९८० – Nicole Gius, Italian alpine skier
• १९८० – Carol Huynh, २००८ Canadian Gold Medalist,४८ kg. wrestling
• १९८१ – Allison Crowe, Canadian singer
• १९८१ – Caitlin Glass, American voice actress
• १९८१ – Osi Umenyiora, English-born NFL football player
• १९८२ – Jannie du Plessis, South African rugby player
• १९८२ – Ronald Pognon, French athlete
• १९८२ – Amar'e Stoudemire, American basketball player
• १९८३ – Chris Gocong, American football player
• १९८३ – K, South Korean singer
• १९८३ – Kari Lehtonen, Finnish ice hockey goaltender
• १९८३ – Britta Steffen, German swimmer
• १९८४ – Kimberly J. Brown, American actress
• १९८६ – Saeko, Japanese actress
• १९८६ – Sagia Castañeda, American model and dancer
• १९९५ – Noah Gray-Cabey, American actor

मृत्यु तिथि

• १०९३ – Saint Margaret of Scotland, wife of Malcolm III of Scotland
• १२४० – Edmund Rich, St. Edmund of Canterbury (b. ११७५)
• १२७२ – King Henry III of England (b. १२०७)
• १३२८ – Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shogun (b. १२७६)
• १६१३ – Trajano Boccalini, Italian satirist (b. १५५६)
• १६२८ – Paolo Quagliati, Italian composer
• १६३२ – King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (killed in battle) (b. १५९४)
• १६९५ – Pierre Nicole, French philosopher (b. १६२५)
• १७२४ – Jack Sheppard, English burglar (hanged) (b. १७०२)
• १७४५ – James Butler, २nd Duke of Ormonde, Irish statesman and soldier (b. १६६५)
• १७७३ – John Hawkesworth, English writer
• १७७९ – Pehr Kalm, Finnish explorer and naturalist (b. १७१६)
• १७९० – Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, American Continental Congressman (b. १७२३)
• १७९७ – Frederick William II of Prussia (b. १७४४)
• १८०२ – André Michaux, French botanist (b. १७४६)
• १८०६ – Moses Cleaveland, founder of Cleveland, Ohio (b. १७५४)
• १८३६ – Christian Hendrik Persoon, Dutch mycologist (b. १७६१)
• १८७८ – Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (b. १८७४)
• १८८४ – František Chvostek, Moravian physician (b. १८३५)
• १८८५ – Louis Riel, Canadian politician (b. १८४४)
• १९०७ – Robert I, Duke of Parma, last ruling Duke of Parma (b. १८४८)
• १९०८ – Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière, French-born Canadian politician (b. १८२९)
• १९११ – Albert Alonzo Ames, Mayor of Minneapolis (b. १८४२)
• १९२२ – Max Abraham, German physicist (b. १८७५)
• १९३९ – Pierce Butler, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. १८६६)
• १९५० – Bob Smith, American physician, co-founder of the Alcoholics Anonymous (b. १८७९)
• १९५६ – Ōtori Tanigorō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the २४^th Yokozuna (b. १८८७)
• १९६० – Clark Gable, American actor (b. १९०१)
• १९६१ – Sam Rayburn, U.S. Speaker of the House (b. १८८२)
• १९७१ – Edie Sedgwick, American socialite and heiress (b. १९४०)
• १९७२ – Vera Karalli, Russian ballerina and actress (b. १८८९)
• १९७३ – Alan Watts, English writer/philosopher (b. १९१५)
• १९७४ – Walther Meissner, German technical physicist (b. १८८२)
• १९८० – Jayan, Indian actor (b.१९३८)
• १९८१ – William Holden, American actor (b. १९१८)
• १९८२ – Arthur Askey, British comedian (b. १९००)
• १९८२ – Lenny Murphy, Leader of Belfast's notorious Shankill Butchers (b. १९५२)
• १९८४ – Vic Dickenson, American trombonist (b. १९०६)
• १९८६ – Siobhán McKenna, Irish stage and screen actress, Gok (b. १९२३)
• १९८७ – Jim Brewer, Major League Baseball relief pitcher (b. १९३७)
• १९८७ – Zubir Said, Singaporean composer who composed Singapore's national anthem (b. १९०७)
• १९८९ – Jean-Claude Malépart, Quebec politician (b. १९३८)
• १९९३ – Lucia Popp, Slovakian soprano (b. १९३९)
• १९९३ – Achille Zavatta, French clown (b. १९१५)
• १९९४ – Doris Speed, British actress (b. १८९९)
• १९९४ – Dino Valente, American musician (Quicksilver Messenger Service) (b. १९४३)
• १९९५ – Jack Finney, American author (b. १९११)
• १९९९ – Daniel Nathans, American microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. १९२८)
• २००० – Ahmet Kaya, Kurdish singer, composer and songwriter from Turkey (b. १९५७)
• २००० – DJ Screw, American hiphop DJ (b. १९७१)
• २००० – Joe C., American rapper (b. १९७४)
• २००१ – Tommy Flanagan, American jazz pianist (b. १९३०)
• २००३ – Bettina Goislard, French relief worker (b. १९७४)
• २००४ – Margaret Hassan, Irish-born aid worker (b. १९४५)
• २००५ – Henry Taube, Canadian-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. १९१५)
• २००५ – Robert Tisch, American football team owner (b. १९२६)
• २००५ – Donald Watson, English founder of the Vegan Society (b. १९१०)
• २००६ – Milton Friedman, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. १९१२)
• २००६ – Yuri Levada, Russian sociologist (b. १९३०)
• २००७ – Harold Alfond, American businessman (b. १९१४)
• २००७ – Grethe Kausland, Norwegian actress and singer (b. १९४७)
• २००७ – Trond Kirkvaag, Norwegian comedian and author (b. १९४६)
• २००८ – Reg Varney, British actor (On The Buses) (b. १९१६)
• २००९ – Edward Woodward, British actor (The Equalizer) (b. १९३०)
• २००९ – Antonio de Nigris, Mexican footballer (b. १९७८)

पर्व र उत्सवहरू

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Edmund of Abingdon
  • Eucherius of Lyon
  • Gertrude the Great (Roman Catholic church)
  • Margaret of Scotland
  • Matthew the Evangelist (Eastern Christianity)
• Day of Declaration of Sovereignty (Estonia)
• Day of Repentance and Prayer or Buß- und Bettag (the Protestant church bodies of Lutheran, Reformed (Calvinist) and United. A school holiday in Saxony and Bavaria)
• Icelandic Language Day or Dagur íslenskrar tungu (Iceland)
• International Day for Tolerance (International)

बाहिरका सूत्रहरू

• BBC: On This Day
• .html The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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