"अरुणग्रह" का संशोधनहरू बिचको अन्तर
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नयाँ पृष्ठ: thumb|250px|अरुण र यसका चन्द्रमाहरू '''अरुण ''' सौर्यमण्डलक... |
कुनै सम्पादन सारांश छैन |
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पङ्क्ति १: | पङ्क्ति १: | ||
{{Infobox planet |
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| bgcolour = #c0ffff |
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| name = Uranus |
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| symbol = [[File:Uranus symbol.svg|25px|Astronomical symbol of Uranus]] |
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| image = [[File:Uranus2.jpg|240px|Uranus as seen by Voyager 2]] |
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| caption = Uranus presented a nearly featureless disk to ''[[Voyager 2]]'' |
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| discovery = yes |
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| discoverer = [[William Herschel]] |
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| discovered = March 13, 1781 |
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| orbit_ref = |
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<ref name=horizons>{{cite web |
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|last = Yeomans|first = Donald K. |date = July 13, 2006 |
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|url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?horizons |
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|title = HORIZONS System|publisher = NASA JPL |
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|accessdate = 2007-08-08}} — At the site, go to the "web interface" then select "Ephemeris Type: ELEMENTS", "Target Body: Uranus Barycenter" and "Center: Sun".</ref>{{Ref_label|A|a|none}} |
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| epoch = [[J2000]] |
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| aphelion = 3,004,419,704 [[kilometer|km]]<br />20.083 305 26 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] |
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| perihelion = 2,748,938,461 km<br />18.375 518 63 AU |
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| semimajor = 2,876,679,082 km<br />19.229 411 95 AU |
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| eccentricity = 0.044 405 586 |
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| period = 30,799.095 [[day]]s<br />84.323 326 [[julian year (astronomy)|yr]]<br />42,718 Uranus [[solar day]]s<ref name="planet_years">{{cite web|url = http://cseligman.com/text/sky/rotationvsday.htm|title = Rotation Period and Day Length|last = Seligman |first = Courtney|accessdate = 2009-08-13}}</ref> |
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| synodic_period = 369.66 days<ref name="fact">{{cite web|url = http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/uranusfact.html|title = Uranus Fact Sheet|publisher = NASA|last = Williams|first = Dr. David R.|accessdate = 2007-08-10|date = January 31, 2005}}</ref> |
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| avg_speed = 6.81 km/s<ref name="fact"/> |
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| inclination = 0.772 556° to [[Ecliptic]]<br />6.48° to [[Sun]]'s equator<br />1.02° to [[Invariable plane]]<ref name=meanplane>{{cite web |
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|date=2009-04-03 |
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|title=The MeanPlane (Invariable plane) of the Solar System passing through the barycenter |
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|url=http://home.comcast.net/~kpheider/MeanPlane.gif |
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|accessdate=2009-04-10}} (produced with [http://chemistry.unina.it/~alvitagl/solex/ Solex 10] written by Aldo Vitagliano; see also [[Invariable plane]])</ref> |
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| asc_node = 73.989 821° |
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| arg_peri = 96.541 318° |
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| mean_anomaly = 142.955 717° |
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| satellites = [[Uranus' natural satellites|27]] |
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| physical_characteristics = yes |
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| flattening = 0.022 9 ± 0.000 8{{Ref_label|B|b|none}} |
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| equatorial_radius = 25,559 ± 4 km<br />4.007 Earths<ref name=Seidelmann2007/>{{Ref_label|C|c|none}} |
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| polar_radius = 24,973 ± 20 km<br />3.929 Earths<ref name=Seidelmann2007/>{{Ref_label|C|c|none}} |
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| circumference = 156,909.98 km{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} |
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| surface_area = 8.115 6{{e|9}} km<sup>2</sup><ref name="nasafact">{{cite web|url = http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Uranus&Display=Facts|title = NASA: Solar System Exploration: Planets: Uranus: Facts & Figures|publisher = NASA|last = Munsell|first = Kirk|accessdate = 2007-08-13|date = May 14, 2007}}</ref>{{Ref_label|C|c|none}}<br />15.91 Earths |
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| volume = 6.833{{e|13}} km<sup>3</sup><ref name="fact"/>{{Ref_label|C|c|none}}<br />63.086 Earths |
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| mass = {{nowrap|(8.6810 ± 0.0013){{e|25}} [[kilogram|kg]]}}<br />14.536 Earths<ref name=Jacobson1992/><br /> |
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[[standard gravitational parameter|GM]]=5 793 939 ± 13 km<sup>3</sup>/s<sup>2</sup> |
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| density = 1.27 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name=fact/>{{Ref_label|C|c|none}} |
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| surface_grav = 8.69 [[Acceleration|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]<ref name=fact/>{{Ref_label|C|c|none}}<br />0.886 [[g-force|g]] |
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| escape_velocity = 21.3 km/s<ref name=fact/>{{Ref_label|C|c|none}} |
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| sidereal_day = [[retrograde motion|–]]0.718 33 day<br />{{nowrap|17 [[hour|h]] 14 [[minute|min]] 24 [[second|s]]}}<ref name=Seidelmann2007/> |
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| rot_velocity = 2.59 km/s<br />9,320 km/h |
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| axial_tilt = 97.77°<ref name=Seidelmann2007/> |
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| right_asc_north_pole = {{nowrap|17 h 9 min 15 s}}<br />257.311°<ref name=Seidelmann2007/> |
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| declination = –15.175°<ref name=Seidelmann2007/> |
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| albedo = 0.300 ([[Bond albedo|Bond]])<br /> |
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0.51 ([[Geometric albedo|geom.]])<ref name="fact"/> |
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| magnitude = 5.9<ref name=ephemeris/> to 5.32<ref name="fact"/> |
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| angular_size = 3.3"–4.1"<ref name="fact"/> |
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| temperatures = yes |
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| temp_name1 = 1 [[bar (unit)|bar]] level<ref name=Podolak1995/> |
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| min_temp_1 = |
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| mean_temp_1 = 76 [[kelvin|K]] |
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| max_temp_1 = |
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| temp_name2 = 0.1 bar <br />([[tropopause]])<ref name=Lunine1993/> |
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| min_temp_2 = 49 K |
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| mean_temp_2 = 53 K |
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| max_temp_2 = 57 K |
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| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|uranus.ogg|ˈ|jʊər|ən|ə|s}} or {{IPAc-en|en-us-Uranus.ogg|j|ʊ|ˈ|r|eɪ|n|ə|s}}<ref name=OED/><ref name="BBCOUP" /> |
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| adjectives = Uranian |
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| atmosphere = yes |
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| atmosphere_ref = |
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<ref name=Lunine1993/><ref name=Lindal1987/><ref name=Conrath1987/>{{Ref_label|D|d|none}} |
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| scale_height = 27.7 km<ref name="fact"/> |
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| atmosphere_composition = ''(Below 1.3 bar)'' |
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<table> |
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<tr><td> |
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83 ± 3%</td><td>[[Hydrogen]] (H<sub>2</sub>) |
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</td></tr><tr><td> |
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15 ± 3%</td><td>[[Helium]] |
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</td></tr><tr><td> |
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2.3%</td><td>[[Methane]]</td></tr><tr><td> |
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0.009%<br />(0.007–0.015%)</td><td>[[Hydrogen deuteride]] (HD)<ref name=Feuchtgruber1999>{{cite journal|last=Feuchtgruber|first=H.|coauthors=Lellouch, E.; B. Bezard; et al.|title=Detection of HD in the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune: a new determination of the D/H ratio|year=1999|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=341|pages=L17–L21|bibcode=1999A&A...341L..17F}}</ref> |
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</td></tr><tr><td> |
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'''Ices''':</td><td> |
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</td></tr><tr><td> |
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</td><td>[[Ammonia]] |
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</td></tr><tr><td> |
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</td><td>[[water (molecule)|water]] |
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</td></tr><tr><td> |
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</td><td>[[ammonium hydrosulfide]] (NH<sub>4</sub>SH) |
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</td></tr><tr><td> |
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</td><td>[[methane]] (CH<sub>4</sub>) |
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</td></tr></table> |
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}} |
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[[File:Uranus rings and moons.jpg|thumb|250px|अरुण र यसका चन्द्रमाहरू]] |
[[File:Uranus rings and moons.jpg|thumb|250px|अरुण र यसका चन्द्रमाहरू]] |
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१६:२०, १ अप्रिल २०११ जस्तै गरी पुनरावलोकन
आविष्कार | |||||||||||||||||||
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आविष्कारक | William Herschel | ||||||||||||||||||
आविष्कार भएको मिति | March 13, 1781 | ||||||||||||||||||
विवरण | |||||||||||||||||||
उच्चारण | /[invalid input: 'uranus.ogg']ˈjʊərənəs/ or /[invalid input: 'en-us-Uranus.ogg']jʊˈreɪnəs/[१][२] | ||||||||||||||||||
विशेषण | Uranian | ||||||||||||||||||
कक्षपथको विशेषताहरू[६][a] | |||||||||||||||||||
युग J2000 | |||||||||||||||||||
अपसूर | 3,004,419,704 km 20.083 305 26 AU | ||||||||||||||||||
अनुसूर | 2,748,938,461 km 18.375 518 63 AU | ||||||||||||||||||
अर्ध-मुख्य अक्ष | 2,876,679,082 km 19.229 411 95 AU | ||||||||||||||||||
विलक्षणता | 0.044 405 586 | ||||||||||||||||||
कक्षीय अवधि | 30,799.095 days 84.323 326 yr 42,718 Uranus solar days[३] | ||||||||||||||||||
युटिकाला | 369.66 days[४] | ||||||||||||||||||
औसत कक्षीय गति | 6.81 km/s[४] | ||||||||||||||||||
औसत गति | 142.955 717° | ||||||||||||||||||
झुकाव | 0.772 556° to Ecliptic 6.48° to Sun's equator 1.02° to Invariable plane[५] | ||||||||||||||||||
उदविन्दुरको देशान्तर | 73.989 821° | ||||||||||||||||||
अनुसूरको सिद्धान्त | 96.541 318° | ||||||||||||||||||
उपग्रहहरू | 27 | ||||||||||||||||||
भौतिक विशेषताहरू | |||||||||||||||||||
भूमध्यरेखीय अर्धव्यास | 25,559 ± 4 km 4.007 Earths[७][c] | ||||||||||||||||||
ध्रुव अर्धव्यास | 24,973 ± 20 km 3.929 Earths[७][c] | ||||||||||||||||||
समरुपताको | 0.022 9 ± 0.000 8[b] | ||||||||||||||||||
परिधि | 156,909.98 km[स्रोत नखुलेको] | ||||||||||||||||||
सतहको क्षेत्रफल | 8.115 6×१०९ km2[८][c] 15.91 Earths | ||||||||||||||||||
आयतन | 6.833×१०१३ km3[४][c] 63.086 Earths | ||||||||||||||||||
द्रव्यमान | (8.6810 ± 0.0013)×१०२५ kg 14.536 Earths[९] GM=5 793 939 ± 13 km3/s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
औसत घनत्व | 1.27 g/cm3[४][c] | ||||||||||||||||||
भूमध्यरेखीय सतहको गुरुत्वाकर्षण | 8.69 m/s2[४][c] 0.886 g | ||||||||||||||||||
रिहाइ वेग | 21.3 km/s[४][c] | ||||||||||||||||||
नाक्षचित्र घृर्णनकाल | –0.718 33 day 17 h 14 min 24 s[७] | ||||||||||||||||||
भूमध्यरेखीय आञ्चलिक घृर्णन वेग | 2.59 km/s 9,320 km/h | ||||||||||||||||||
अक्षीय ढाल | 97.77°[७] | ||||||||||||||||||
उत्तर ध्रुवीय विषुबलम्ब | 17 h 9 min 15 s 257.311°[७] | ||||||||||||||||||
उत्तर ध्रुवीय विषुबलम्ब | –15.175°[७] | ||||||||||||||||||
प्रतिफलन अनुपात | 0.300 (Bond) 0.51 (geom.)[४] | ||||||||||||||||||
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आपात मान | 5.9[१०] to 5.32[४] | ||||||||||||||||||
कौणिक व्यास | 3.3"–4.1"[४] | ||||||||||||||||||
वायुमण्डल[१२][१४][१५][d] | |||||||||||||||||||
स्केल उच्चता | 27.7 km[४] | ||||||||||||||||||
गठन | (Below 1.3 bar)
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अरुण सौर्यमण्डलको सूर्यबाट सातौं ग्रह हो। ग्याँस पिण्ड हो । यो सौर्यपरिवारमा तेश्रो ठुलो ग्रह हो । यसको २७वटा उपग्रहहरू छन् । जसमध्ये Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania र Oberon मुख्य पॉच उपग्रहहरू हुन् । यो ग्रह आफ्नो अक्षमा धेरै ढल्केको हुनाले ध्रुवीय दृष्टीकोणले तेर्सो परेको छ ।
See also
- ↑ उद्दरण त्रुटी: Invalid
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tag; no text was provided for refs namedOED
- ↑ उद्दरण त्रुटी: Invalid
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- ↑ Seligman, Courtney, "Rotation Period and Day Length", अन्तिम पहुँच २००९-०८-१३।
- ↑ ४.०० ४.०१ ४.०२ ४.०३ ४.०४ ४.०५ ४.०६ ४.०७ ४.०८ ४.०९ Williams, Dr. David R. (जनवरी ३१, २००५), "Uranus Fact Sheet", NASA, अन्तिम पहुँच २००७-०८-१०।
- ↑ "The MeanPlane (Invariable plane) of the Solar System passing through the barycenter", २००९-०४-०३, अन्तिम पहुँच २००९-०४-१०। (produced with Solex 10 written by Aldo Vitagliano; see also Invariable plane)
- ↑ Yeomans, Donald K. (जुलाई १३, २००६), "HORIZONS System", NASA JPL, अन्तिम पहुँच २००७-०८-०८। — At the site, go to the "web interface" then select "Ephemeris Type: ELEMENTS", "Target Body: Uranus Barycenter" and "Center: Sun".
- ↑ ७.० ७.१ ७.२ ७.३ ७.४ ७.५ उद्दरण त्रुटी: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedSeidelmann2007
- ↑ Munsell, Kirk (मे १४, २००७), "NASA: Solar System Exploration: Planets: Uranus: Facts & Figures", NASA, अन्तिम पहुँच २००७-०८-१३।
- ↑ उद्दरण त्रुटी: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedJacobson1992
- ↑ उद्दरण त्रुटी: Invalid
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tag; no text was provided for refs namedephemeris
- ↑ उद्दरण त्रुटी: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedPodolak1995
- ↑ १२.० १२.१ उद्दरण त्रुटी: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedLunine1993
- ↑ Feuchtgruber, H.; Lellouch, E.; B. Bezard; et al. (१९९९), "Detection of HD in the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune: a new determination of the D/H ratio", Astronomy and Astrophysics 341: L17–L21, बिबकोड:1999A&A...341L..17F।
|coauthors=
प्यारामिटर ग्रहण गरेन (सहायता) - ↑ उद्दरण त्रुटी: Invalid
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- ↑ उद्दरण त्रुटी: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedConrath1987