तपाईं "ढाँचा:Cite thesis/कागजात"को स्रोत हेर्दै हुनुहुन्छ

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===Purpose===
Unpublished Doctoral, Masters thesis.  Other Higher Research Degrees.
:These reports are to be published in the Wikipedia sense of verifiability: a University recognised by other Universities as capable of awarding research higher degrees must have accepted and passed the thesis or dissertation, and the dissertation must be available for consultation through abstracting / microfilming / electronic archiving / University Library access.
:Failed, unsubmitted, or incomplete theses are not Reliable Sources; and should not be used for verification purposes.
Published theses should be cited with {{tl|cite book}}. The ''degree'' parameter can be used for specifying the degree.

==Fields==
===Wikilinks===
Except where specifically prohibited in the parameter descriptions below, most parameters can be wikilinked (e.g. <code>title = <nowiki>[[book article|book title]]</nowiki></code>), but should generally only be linked to an existing Wikipedia article. Wikilinked parameters must escape the characters <code><nowiki><>[]{}</nowiki></code> rather than including them directly.

===Description of parameters===
====Syntax (for the technical-minded)====
Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:
*''parent''
*OR: ''parent2''—may be used instead  of ''parent''
**''child''—may be used with ''parent'' (and is ignored if ''parent'' is not used)
**OR: ''child2''—may be used instead of ''child'' (and is ignored if ''parent2'' is not used)

====Description====
*'''last''': Surname of author. Do not wikilink (use ''authorlink'' instead).
**'''first''': Given or first name(s) of author, including title(s) (e.g. ''Firstname Middlename'' or ''Firstname M.'' or ''Dr. Firstname M., Snr.''). Do not wikilink (use ''authorlink'' instead).
***The 'last' and 'first' parameters are not ideally suited to authors whose surname is usually written first (e.g. as in Chinese).  Use the same format as the source uses to handle these cases.
**{{AuthorMask doc}} See [[#Examples|Examples]] for typical usage.
**'''authorlink''': Title of Wikipedia article about author (not the author's personal website). Article should already exist. Must not be wikilinked itself. Do not use this on its own, but along with ''author'' or ''first'' and ''last''.
**'''coauthors''': Full name of additional author or authors, separated by ", " (e.g. ''Joe Bloggs, John F. Kennedy, H. R. Dent'').
*For multiple authors, use the parameters '''first1''', '''last1''', ...,'''first''n'', last''n''''' to 'correctly' record all the information about the document (the first nine authors are printed, then ''et al.'' is appended if even more authors were specified). Do not wikilink as there are corresponding '''authorlink1''', ..., '''authorlink9''' parameters as well. This usage is preferred to the use of '''coauthors'''.
*'''editor''': Name of editor/editors; not usually used for a thesis, but supported. Do not Wikilink any values in the editor parameter but use ''editor-link'' instead. The template automatically adds "ed." after the editor's name unless the ''chapter'' parameter is used in which case the template adds "in" before the editor's name which appears after the chapter and before the title. This implies that the author is responsible only for part of the document (including the cited chapter) and the editor responsible for the whole document. If, however, the author(s) and editor(s) are responsible for the whole document, then the ''editor'' parameter or its alternates described below should not be used if the ''chapter'' parameter is being used. Instead, the editor(s) should be included in an ''author'' parameter with possibly "(ed.)" after the surname(s). Alternatively, the ''editor'' parameter may be used if the chapter detail is included in the ''title'' parameter instead of using the ''chapter'' parameter.
*OR: alternatively '''editor-first''' and '''editor-last''' can be used in the same way as ''first'' and ''last''.
*OR: for multiple editors up to four in number, use the parameters '''editor1-first''', '''editor1-last''', ...,'''editor''n''-first, editor''n''-last''' to 'correctly' record all the information about the document in the same way as ''first''n and ''last''n.
**'''editor-link''' or '''editor1-link'''...<b>editor''n''-link</b> is used in the same way as ''authorlink'' or ''authorlink''n.
*'''others''': To record other contributors to the work, such as "Illustrated by Smith" or "Trans. Smith".
*'''title''': Title of document. This is the only required parameter. Can be wikilinked but only to an existing Wikipedia article. Do not use italics.
**'''trans_title''': If the document cited is in a foreign language, an English translation of the title can be given here. The template will display this in square brackets after the ''title'' parameter and it will point to the ''url'' link, if used. Use of ''language'' parameter is recommended if this parameter is used.
*'''url''': URL of an online location where text of the document can be found. Cannot be used if you wikilinked ''title''. If applicable, should point to the specific page(s) referenced.
**'''format''': Format, e.g. PDF. HTML implied if not specified.
**'''accessdate''': Full date when url was accessed. Should be used when ''url'' parameter is used. Should be in the same format as other dates in citations in the same article. Must not be wikilinked.
* archive parameters ''(if used, both must be provided)''
** '''archiveurl''': The URL of an [[Web archiving|archived]] copy of a web page, if (or in case) the url becomes unavailable.  Typically used to refer to services like [[WebCite]] and [[Internet Archive|Archive.org]].
** '''archivedate''': Date when the item was archived. Should not be wikilinked.
*'''degree''': Defaults to Thesis in parenthesis; when set it adds 'thesis', i.e. 'Ph.D.' ressults in ''Ph.D. thesis'. Can be overridden by '''type'''.
*'''type''': An optional parameter which can be used to provide additional information about a document type. Overrides '''degree'''.
*'''edition''': When the document has more than one edition. ''e.g.:'' "2nd.", "Revised" etc.. Note that the template automatically displays " ed." after this parameter, so <code>edition=2nd</code> produces "2nd ed.".
*'''series''': When the document is part of a series of publications.
*'''volume''': Not generally required for a thesis. For one document published in several volumes. However, this template displays the text in this parameter in bold type after the ''title'' and ''series'' parameters. An alternative is to include the volume information in the ''title'' parameter after the main title (see example below). (NB: there is a separate {{tl|Cite encyclopedia}} template).
*'''date''': Full date of document edition being referenced, in the same format as other dates in citations in the same article. Must not be wikilinked. Do not use for years without specifying the month: use {{para|year}} instead.
*OR:  '''year''': Year of document edition being referenced
**'''month''': Name of the month of document. If you also have the day, use ''date'' instead. Must not be wikilinked.
**'''origyear''': Original document year, for display alongside the date or year.  For clarity, please supply specifics, for instance <code>origyear=First published 1859</code> or <code>origyear=Composed 1904</code>. This parameter only displays if there is a value for ''year'' or ''date''.
*'''publisher''': Publisher should not include corporate designation such as "Ltd" or "Inc".
**'''location''': Geographical place of publication.
*'''language''': The language the document is written in, if it is not English. The template automatically puts parentheses around the text and adds "in" before the language name.
*'''isbn''': [[International Standard Book Number]] such as ''1-111-22222-9''.  Note that {{para|isbn}}, like all parameter names, must be in lowercase. The parameter must not be wikilinked as the template automatically creates a link. The template is insensitive to formatting so an ISBN number without dashes ("-") may be used (e.g. {{para|isbn|1111222229}}), though ISBNs with correctly formatted dashes are preferred (see [[Wikipedia:ISBN]] and [[ISBN#Overview|ISBN]]). Please use the 13-digit ISBN where possible; this can normally be found beneath the barcode as a number beginning 978 or 979. For documents with the older SBN system (9 digits), use this parameter but prefix the number with a zero; thus ''SBN 902888-45-5'' should be entered as {{para|isbn|0-902888-45-5}}.  More information about this feature and its advantages is available at [[Wikipedia:ISBN]].
*'''oclc''': [[Online Computer Library Center]] ID number, such as ''3185581''. The parameter must not be wikilinked as the template automatically creates a link.
*'''doi''': A [[digital object identifier]] such as ''<nowiki>10.1016/j.coi.2004.08.001</nowiki>''. The parameter must not be wikilinked as the template automatically creates a link.
**'''doi_brokendate''': The date that a digital object identifier link was found to be broken.
*'''bibcode''': A nineteen character [[Bibcode]] identifier. The parameter must not be wikilinked as the template automatically creates a link.
*Several other parameters are available for catalogue or other identifying numbers; these include {{para|arxiv}}, {{para|asin}}, {{para|issn}} ([[International Standard Serial Number]]), {{para|jfm}}, {{para|jstor}}, {{para|lccn}}, {{para|mr}}, {{para|ol}} ([[Open Library]]), {{para|osti}}, {{para|pmc}}, {{para|pmid}}, {{para|rfc}}, {{para|ssrn}} and {{para|zbl}}.
*'''id''': A [[unique identifier]], used if none of the above are applicable.  In this case, you need to specify the kind of identifier you are using, preferably with a template like {{tl|ASIN}} or {{tl|ISSN}}.  (Use one of the more specialized parameters if possible; they are linked automatically.  In other words, do not use {{para|id|ISBN 1-111-22222-9}} anymore; use {{para|isbn|1-111-22222-9}}. If the document has a SBN but not an ISBN, see {{para|isbn}}.)
*'''pages''' or '''page''': These parameters are for listing the pages relevant to the citation, ''not'' the total number of pages in the document. "<code>|pages= 5–7</code>" produces "pp. 5–7", while "<code>|page= 5</code>" produces "p. 5". The "pp." notation indicating multiple pages, and "p." notation indicating a single page, ''are placed automatically'' when you choose between the plural (''pages'') or singular (''page'') form of the parameter. Page ranges should be separated by an unspaced [[en dash]] (–).
**'''nopp''': using "page" or "pages", automatically places the p. or pp. notations. If this is inappropriate—for instance, if <code>page=Front cover</code>, placing any value after <code>nopp</code> (e.g. <code>nopp=y</code> will hide the p. or pp. notation.
*'''at''': Position within the resource when {{para|page}}/{{para|pages}} is inappropriate, e.g. {{para|at|para. 14}} (when citing a source without page numbers) or {{para|at|no. 456}} (something in a numbered list). This parameter is ignored if {{para|page}}/{{para|pages}} is specified.
**Using e.g. {{para|at|para. 14}} produces similar results to {{para|page|para. 14}}{{para|nopp|y}} or {{para|pages|para. 14}}{{para|nopp|y}}
*'''chapter''' (= '''contribution'''): The chapter of the document, written in full. Punctuation (other than quotation marks, which are supplied around the chapter title automatically by the template) should be included in the value passed to the parameter, e.g. {{para|chapter|Chapter 12: Meet Dick and Jane.}} produces "Chapter 12: Meet Dick and Jane." ahead of ''title''.
**'''trans_chapter''': Acts in the same way as ''trans_title''. The parameter will be displayed in square brackets within the quotation marks which embrace the ''chapter'' parameter. Use of ''language'' parameter is recommended if this parameter is used.
**'''chapterurl''' (='''contribution-url'''): URL of an individual chapter of online document. Should be at the same site as ''url'', if any. If ''chapterurl'' is used, ''url'' should only be used if the beginning of the work and the cited chapter are on separate webpages at the site.
*'''quote''': Relevant quote from the document. Should not be excessive in length: More than a few sentences is rarely needed, and if needed then the Wikipedia article's prose should probably more adequately address the topic and/or quote the material directly, e.g. with {{tlx|quote}}. The template will automatically provide quotation marks, but not a terminal period/full stop (or diaeresis as appropriate), nor initial capitalization, both of which should be added manually. Example: <blockquote>{{para|quote|[I]t was not only competition, but the introduction of new techniques that drew spectators to the events...}}</blockquote>
*'''ref''': ID for anchor. By default, no anchor is generated. The ordinary nonempty value {{para|ref|<var>ID</var>}} generates an anchor with the given <code><var>ID</var></code>; such a linkable reference can be made the target of [[Wikipedia:Citing sources/Further considerations#Wikilinks to full references|wikilinks to full references]], especially useful in short citations like [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#Shortened footnotes|shortened notes]] and [[Wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing|parenthetical referencing]]. The special value {{para|ref|harv}} generates an anchor suitable for the {{tl|harv}} template; see ''[[Template:Citation/doc#Anchors for Harvard referencing templates|anchors for Harvard referencing templates]]''. See "Wikilinks to full references" in [[#Examples|Examples]] below for using the ''ref'' parameter in citation templates in conjunction with short <nowiki><ref>...</ref></nowiki> citations.
*'''laysummary''': Link to a non-technical summary (or review) of the document
**'''laydate''': Date of summary
*'''separator''': The separator to use in lists of authors, editors, ''etc''.  Defaults to ".", but "," may be useful also. If the parameter is present, but blank, ''no separator will be used''.
*'''author-separator''': Parameter allowing punctuation style to be altered
*'''author-name-separator''': Parameter allowing punctuation style to be altered
*'''display-authors''': By default, the number of authors displayed is limited to 8; if 9 are provided, the ninth is displayed as "''et al.''". This parameter allows display of fewer authors before the "''et al.''" (e.g., {{para|display-authors|2}}); alternatively, the "''et al.''" may be suppressed by the use of {{para|display-authors|9}}.
*'''postscript''': The closing punctuation for the citation. If specified, over-rides the default behaviour of terminating the citation with a full stop. If the parameter is present, but blank, ''no terminating punctuation will be used''. This may be useful when generating an output consistent with other templates. It is preferred to manually adding ending punctuation, as the punctuation occurs within the &lt;cite&gt; tag, so will appear before any icons added by browser plugins. Ignored if {{para|quote}} is specified.
*'''lastauthoramp''': The separator to use between the last two names in lists of authors.  Defaults to "", but "&amp;" may be useful as well.
*'''docket''': Docket number


===Usage summary===
Horizontal format:
<pre>
{{Cite thesis |degree= |chapter= |title= |url= |author= |last= |first= |year= |publisher= |accessdate= |docket= |oclc= }}
</pre>

Sample output:
*{{cite thesis|degree=Ph.D.|first=Arnold A|last=Ducklover|title=On some aspects of Ducks|publisher=Duck University|date=1901}}
*<nowiki>{{cite thesis|degree=Ph.D.|first=Arnold A|last=Ducklover|title=On some aspects of Ducks|publisher=Duck University|date=1901}}</nowiki>
*{{cite thesis|degree=M.Sc.|first=Arnold A|last=Ducklover|title=On some aspects of Ducks|publisher=Duck University|date=1901}}
*<nowiki>{{cite thesis|degree=M.Sc.|first=Arnold A|last=Ducklover|title=On some aspects of Ducks|publisher=Duck University|date=1901}}</nowiki>
*{{cite thesis|first=Arnold A|last=Ducklover|title=On some aspects of Ducks|publisher=Duck University|date=1901}}
*<nowiki>{{cite thesis|first=Arnold A|last=Ducklover|title=On some aspects of Ducks|publisher=Duck University|date=1901}}</nowiki>

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