तपाईं "ढाँचा:Vcite journal/कागजात"को स्रोत हेर्दै हुनुहुन्छ

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{{nutshell|These templates format citations. They are like {{tl|cite book}}, {{tl|cite journal}}, etc., except that they use the [[Vancouver system]], a popular citation style in science and medicine. Also, these templates are much faster and generate significantly smaller web pages than {{tl|cite book}} etc. do.}}

These templates format citations to sources. They have the following major variants:
* {{tl|vcite book}} for books
* {{tl|vcite journal}} for articles in academic journals and similar periodicals. You can use the [[User:Diberri/Template filler|Diberri template filler]] to generate this template, by replacing "<code>cite</code>" with "<code>vcite</code>" in its output. 
* {{tl|vcite news}} for articles in newspapers and similar news sources
* {{tl|vcite web}} for web pages, that is, sources published as part of web sites that are not books, journals, or news

These templates can be used in [[Wikipedia:Footnotes|Wikipedia footnotes]] and in article sections that list sources. They generally follow the [[Vancouver system]] as specified by the U.S. [[National Library of Medicine]] (NLM).<ref name=Citing-medicine/> For performance reasons they do not generate [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats/COinS|COinS metadata]] (see ''
[[#Rationale|Rationale]]'' below); otherwise, they act much like {{tl|cite book}}, {{tl|cite journal}}, etc.

== Usage ==

See ''[[#Examples|Examples]]'' below for filled-out examples.

=== Common parameters ===

;Entire book <small>(see [[#Entire book|example]])</small>: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>vcite book |
[[#Authors|author]]= |
[[#Chapter|chapter]]= |
[[#Titles|title]]= |
[[#publisher|publisher]]= |
[[#Dates|date]]= |
[[#isbn|isbn]]= |
[[#pages|pages]]= <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
;Contribution to a book <small>(see [[#Contribution to a book|example]])</small>: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>vcite book |
[[#Authors|author]]= |
[[#Chapter|chapter]]= |
[[#editor|editor]]= |
[[#Titles|title]]= |
[[#publisher|publisher]]= |
[[#Dates|date]]= |
[[#isbn|isbn]]= |
[[#pages|pages]]= <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
;Journal article <small>(see [[#Journal article|example]])</small>: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>vcite journal |
[[#Authors|author]]= |
[[#Titles|title]]= |
[[#journal|journal]]= |
[[#Dates|date]]= |
[[#volume|volume]]= |
[[#issue|issue]]= |
[[#pages|pages]]= |
[[#url|url]]= |
[[#doi|doi]]= |
[[#pmid|pmid]]= |
[[#pmc|pmc]]= <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
;News article <small>(see [[#News article|example]])</small>: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>vcite news |
[[#Authors|author]]= |
[[#Titles|title]]= |
[[#url|url]]= |
[[#work|work]]= |
[[#Dates|date]]= <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
;Web page <small>(see [[#Web page|example]])</small>: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>vcite web |
[[#Authors|author]]= |
[[#home|home]]= |
[[#Titles|title]]= |
[[#url|url]]= |
[[#Dates|date]]= |
[[#accessdate|accessdate]]= <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>

=== All main parameters ===

The core templates have names starting with <code>vcite</code>, such as {{tl|vcite book}}. Each such template has a variant whose name starts with <code>vancite</code>, such as {{tl|vancite book}}, which supports some extra parameters for backward compatibility, but is slower and more complicated.

;Book <small>(see [[#All main book parameters|example]])</small>: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>vcite book |
[[#Authors|author]]= |
[[#author.|author.]]= |
[[#Chapter|chapter]]= |
[[#chapter.|chapter.]]= |
[[#trans_chapter|trans_chapter]]= |
[[#chapterurl|chapterurl]]= |
[[#chapterformat|chapterformat]]= |
[[#editor|editor]]= |
[[#Titles|title]]= |
[[#title.|title.]]= |
[[#trans_title|trans_title]]= |
[[#url|url]]= |
[[#contenttype|contenttype]]= |
[[#Formats|format]]= |
[[#editionphrase|editionphrase]]= |
[[#editionphrase.|editionphrase.]]= |
[[#secondaryauthor|secondaryauthor]]= |
[[#volumephrase|volumephrase]]= |
[[#volumetitle|volumetitle]]= |
[[#volumepagination|volumepagination]]= |
[[#location|location]]= |
[[#publisher|publisher]]= |
[[#Dates|date]]= |
[[#update|update]]= |
[[#accessdate|accessdate]]= |
[[#pagination|pagination]]= |
[[#physicaldescription|physicaldescription]]= |
[[#serieseditor|serieseditor]]= |
[[#series|series]]= |
[[#seriesvolumephrase|seriesvolumephrase]]= |
[[#language|language]]= |
[[#doi|doi]]= |
[[#doi_brokendate|doi_brokendate]]= |
[[#id|id]]= |
[[#isbn|isbn]]= |
[[#oclc|oclc]]= |
[[#quote|quote]]= |
[[#laysummary|laysummary]]= |
[[#laysource|laysource]]= |
[[#laydate|laydate]]= |
[[#notes|notes]]= |
[[#chapterid|chapterid]]= |
[[#chapterupdate|chapterupdate]]= |
[[#chapteraccessdate|chapteraccessdate]]= |
[[#pages|pages]]= |
[[#at|at]]= |
[[#chapterlanguage|chapterlanguage]]= |
[[#harvid|harvid]]= |
[[#ref|ref]]= }}
;Journal article <small>(see [[#All main journal parameters|example]])</small>: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>vcite journal |
[[#Authors|author]]= |
[[#author.|author.]]= |
[[#Titles|title]]= |
[[#title.|title.]]= |
[[#trans_title|trans_title]]= |
[[#articletype|articletype]]= |
[[#journal|journal]]= |
[[#journal.|journal.]]= |
[[#edition|edition]]= |
[[#journalformat|journalformat]]= |
[[#Dates|date]]= |
[[#update|update]]= |
[[#archiveurl|archiveurl]]= |
[[#archivedate|archivedate]]= |
[[#accessdate|accessdate]]= |
[[#volume|volume]]= |
[[#issue|issue]]= |
[[#pages|pages]]= |
[[#language|language]]= |
[[#url|url]]= |
[[#Formats|format]]= |
[[#doi|doi]]= |
[[#doi_brokendate|doi_brokendate]]= |
[[#id|id]]= |
[[#pmid|pmid]]= |
[[#pmc|pmc]]= |
[[#bibcode|bibcode]]= |
[[#quote|quote]]= |
[[#laysummary|laysummary]]= |
[[#laysource|laysource]]= |
[[#laydate|laydate]]= |
[[#notes|notes]]= |
[[#partid|partid]]= |
[[#parttitle|parttitle]]= |
[[#parttitle.|parttitle.]]= |
[[#trans_parttitle|trans_parttitle]]= |
[[#partp|partp]]= |
[[#parturl|parturl]]= |
[[#harvid|harvid]]= |
[[#ref|ref]]= <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
;News article <small>(see [[#All main news parameters|example]])</small>: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>vcite news |
[[#Authors|author]]= |
[[#author.|author.]]= |
[[#Titles|title]]= |
[[#title.|title.]]= |
[[#trans_title|trans_title]]= |
[[#url|url]]= |
[[#Formats|format]]= |
[[#work|work]]= |
[[#work.|work.]]= |
[[#location|location]]= |
[[#edition|edition]]= |
[[#workformat|workformat]]= |
[[#Dates|date]]= |
[[#update|update]]= |
[[#archiveurl|archiveurl]]= |
[[#archivedate|archivedate]]= |
[[#accessdate|accessdate]]= |
[[#sectionphrase|sectionphrase]]= |
[[#section|section]]= |
[[#pages|pages]]= |
[[#column|column]]= |
[[#language|language]]= |
[[#agency|agency]]= |
[[#publisher|publisher]]= |
[[#id|id]]= |
[[#quote|quote]]= |
[[#notes|notes]]= |
[[#harvid|harvid]]= |
[[#ref|ref]]= <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
;Web page <small>(see [[#All main web page parameters|example]])</small>: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>vcite web |
[[#Authors|author]]= |
[[#author.|author.]]= |
[[#home|home]]= |
[[#home.|home.]]= |
[[#trans_home|trans_home]]= |
[[#homeurl|homeurl]]= |
[[#homeformat|homeformat]]= |
[[#homeeditionphrase|homeeditionphrase]]= |
[[#homeeditionphrase.|homeeditionphrase.]]= |
[[#homeedition|homeedition]]= |
[[#secondaryauthor|secondaryauthor]]= |
[[#location|location]]= |
[[#publisher|publisher]]= |
[[#homedate|homedate]]= |
[[#homeupdate|homeupdate]]= |
[[#homeaccessdate|homeaccessdate]]= |
[[#homelanguage|homelanguage]]= |
[[#homenotes|homenotes]]= |
[[#Formats|format]]= |
[[#Titles|title]]= |
[[#trans_title|trans_title]]= |
[[#url|url]]= |
[[#Dates|date]]= |
[[#update|update]]= |
[[#archiveurl|archiveurl]]= |
[[#archivedate|archivedate]]= |
[[#accessdate|accessdate]]= |
[[#pages|pages]]= |
[[#size|size]]= |
[[#language|language]]= |
[[#id|id]]= |
[[#quote|quote]]= |
[[#notes|notes]]= |
[[#harvid|harvid]]= |
[[#ref|ref]]= <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>

== Terminology ==

;article: an individual article or document within a journal or newspaper
;book: an entire major published work
;chapter: a single part of or contribution to a book: this might be a chapter, or some other part such as an appendix, figure, or table
;journal: academic journal, magazine, or any other archival periodical publication
;newspaper: a newspaper or any similar periodical publication
;web page: a web page that is not part of a book, journal, or newspaper. When citing a web page, it is important to identify the source. At the very least this should include an author; when possible, it should also include the publisher or homepage of the web site in question. For example, when citing comments by Professor X at the web page <code><nowiki>http://www.example.edu/~professorx/study/comments.html</nowiki></code> it's good practice to also cite the title of Professor X's homepage, which you might find by consulting <code><nowiki>http://www.example.edu/~professorx/index.html</nowiki></code>.

== Parameters ==

; {{para|{{visible anchor|accessdate}}|<var>Date</var>}}: Date the URL (see {{para|[[#url|url]]}}) was last accessed and checked;<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Date of citation for entire books on the Internet |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A53625#A53850 |date=2009 }} {{vcite book |chapter=Date of citation for journal articles on the Internet |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A55580#A55753 }} {{vcite book |chapter=Date of citation for part of a web site |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59599 }}</ref><ref name=news-sample>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Sample citation and introduction to citing newspaper articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A41486#A41490 |date=2009 }}</ref> see ''[[#Dates|Dates]]''. This parameter is intended to be used for websites that typically change pages after they are published; it is not normally needed for websites that do not typically change published pages, such as pages in archival journals.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|agency}}|<var>Agency</var>}}: The news agency that distributed the article, as in {{xt|Associated Press}} or {{xt|Reuters}}.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|archivedate}}|<var>Date</var>}}: Date the resource was archived as described under {{para|archiveurl}}; see ''[[#Dates|Dates]]''.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|archiveurl}}|<var>URL</var>}}: The URL of an [[Web archiving|archived]] copy of the resource identified by {{para|[[#url|url]]}}, if (or in case) the original resource is unavailable. This is typically used to refer to services like [[WebCite]] and the [[Internet Archive]].
; {{para|{{visible anchor|articletype}}|<var>Type</var>}}: The type of journal article. This should be omitted for standard articles. When specified, the most common values are {{xt|abstract}} and {{xt|letter}}; other values include {{xt|book review}}, {{xt|editorial}}, and {{xt|interview}}.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Article type for journal articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A32352#A32443 |date=2009 }}</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|at}}|<var>Location</var>}}: The location in a book of the chapter or part being identified. By convention, use {{para|[[#pages|pages]]}} if the location is a page or range of pages, and use {{para|at}} if the location is something else, such as {{xt|[about 10 p.]}}.<ref name=pages/>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|author}}|<var>Author(s)</var>}}: Author or authors of the resource. See ''[[#Authors|Authors]]''.
;: For {{tl|vcite book}}, if {{para|[[#editor|editor]]}} is also given this is assumed to be the author of the chapter,<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Author/editor for contribution to a book |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34917 |date=2009 }}</ref> otherwise of the book.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Author/editor for entire books |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34173 |date=2009 }}</ref> If the entire book has both authors and other contributors, such as editors or translators, list the latter under {{para|[[#secondaryauthor|secondaryauthor]]}}. If the entire book has no listed authors, but only editors or other contributors, list them here and omit {{para|secondaryauthor}}. If a chapter is being cited but it is not by different authors or editors than the entire book, list the contributors here and omit {{para|[[#editor|editor]]}}.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|author.}}}}: If <code><var>Author(s)</var></code> ends in a period (.), specify an empty {{para|author.}} parameter to suppress any duplicate periods in the output.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|bibcode}}|<var>Bibcode</var>}}: The journal article's [[bibcode]] in the [[Astrophysics Data System]], as in {{xt|1924MNRAS..84..308E}}.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|chapter}}|<var>Chapter title</var>}}: Title of the part of the book being cited; often this is a chapter title.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Title of the part of a book |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34836 |date=2009 }}</ref> See ''[[#Titles|Titles]]''. If the title is in a foreign language, put its English translation in {{para|[[#trans_chapter|trans_chapter]]}}.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|chapter.}}}}: If <code><var>Chapter title</var></code> ends in a question mark or exclamation point, specify an empty {{para|chapter.}} parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the chapter.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|chapteraccessdate}}|<var>Date</var>}}: Date the chapter's URL (see {{para|[[#chapterurl|chapterurl]]}}) was last accessed and checked;<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Date of citation for part of a book on the Internet |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A53625#A54056 |date=2009 }}</ref> see ''[[#Dates|Dates]]''.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|chapterformat}}|<var>Format</var>}}: The format of the resource that {{para|[[#chapterurl|chapterurl]]}} links to. Specify {{xt|PDF}} for [[Portable Document Format]]. Omit if the article is published in HTML or XHTML. This is an extension to the NLM Vancouver style; it is added here because Wikipedia articles are commonly hyperlinked, whereas the NLM style is purely text.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|chapterid}}|<var>ID</var>}}: Identification for the chapter, as in {{xt|Appendix A}}.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Name and number/letter of the part of a book |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34801 |date=2009 }}</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|chapterlanguage}}|<var>Language</var>}}: The language of the chapter, if not English.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Language of the part of a book |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34878 |date=2009 }}</ref> This need not be given if it is the same as {{para|[[#language|language]]}}.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|chapterupdate}}|<var>Update action and date</var>}}: The uncapitalized word for ''updated'' that was used by the source, followed by the date the chapter was updated or revised, as in {{xt|changed 2009-12-13}} or {{xt|revised 2009}}.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Date of update/revision for part of a book on the Internet |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A53625#A54039 |date=2009 }}</ref> See ''[[#Dates|Dates]]''. This need not be given if it is the same as {{para|[[#updated|updated]]}}.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|chapterurl}}|<var>URL</var>}}: URL of the chapter. This should point to a freely readable version of the full text. If the full text is not freely readable, give this parameter only if the book has no other identification such as {{para|[[#isbn|isbn]]}}. When giving this parameter, also give {{para|[[#chapteraccessdate|chapteraccessdate]]}} unless the URL is known to be stable.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|column}}|<var>Column</var>}}: The column number the newspaper article started in, as in {{xt|3}}.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Column number for newspaper articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A41486#A41620 |date=2009 }}</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|contenttype}}|<var>type</var>}}: The type of book, if it is not a standard book. Possible values include {{xt|dissertation}}, {{xt|master's thesis}}, and {{xt|bibliography}}.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Content type for entire books |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34245 |date=2009 }}</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|date}}|<var>Date</var>}}: Date of publication; see ''[[#Dates|Dates]]''.
;* For book publication dates it is often simplest to specify just the year, even if a more precise date is known, as a too-precise publication date may distract the reader with useless and even misleading information when a source is written well before its official publication date.
;* For journals, the month and day are optional unless {{para|[[#volume|volume]]}} and {{para|[[#issue|issue]]}} are both missing. For journal publication dates it is often simplest to specify just the year, even if a more precise date is known, as a too-precise publication date may distract the reader with useless and even misleading information when a source is written well before its official publication date.
;* For newspapers it is best to give the full date.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Date of publication for newspaper articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A41486#A41576 |date=2009 }}</ref>
;* For web pages, omit this if it is the same as {{para|[[#homedate|homedate]]}}.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Date of publication for parts of web sites |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59565 |date=2009 }}</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|doi}}|<var>DOI</var>}}: A [[Wikipedia:Digital Object Identifier|digital object identifier]] for the chapter, book, or journal article, such as {{xt|10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<1153:TAFSIA>2.3.CO;2}}.
;* For books, if {{para|[[#Chapter|chapter]]}} is also given, <code><var>DOI</var></code> should be the DOI for the chapter if available. Often the two DOIs are related; for example, the chapter with DOI {{xt|10.1007/978-3-642-04568-4_45}} belongs to a book with DOI {{xt|10.1007/978-3-642-04568-4}}.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|doi_brokendate}}|<var>Date</var>}}: The most recent date that <code><var>DOI</var></code> was checked and found to be not working; see ''[[#Dates|Dates]]''. This can happen when a publication is transferred to a new publisher which does not provide DOI access. <code><var>DOI</var></code> is still shown, but without a link, and the article is placed in ''Category:Pages with DOIs broken since <var>YYYY</var>'', where ''<var>YYYY</var>'' }} is the date's year.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|edition}}|<var>Edition</var>}}: The edition or version being cited, if the source is published in more than one edition.
;* With books, this is equivalent to {{para|[[#editionphrase|editionphrase]]}}, except that it appends {{nowrap|" ed."}} instead of just a period; common values include {{xt|2nd}}, {{xt|3rd}}, and {{xt|Rev.}} See {{para|[[#editionphrase|editionphrase]]}} for details.
;* With journals, this uses the same sort of abbreviations as the {{para|[[#journal|journal]]}} parameter, for example, {{xt|Off Ed}} for Office Edition.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Edition for journal articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A32352#A32472 |date=2009 }}</ref>
;* With newspapers, capitalize each important word and use common abbreviations, as in {{xt|Metro Ed.}} and {{xt|English Ed.}}<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Edition for newspaper articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A41486#A41555 |date=2009 }}</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|editionphrase}}|<var>Edition phrase</var>}}: For books, a complete phrase specifying the edition or version being cited, if the book is published in more than one. In the NLM Vancouver style this uses Arabic ordinals and abbreviations, with the first word capitalized and periods after abbreviations. The {{para|editionphrase}} parameter should be used instead of {{para|[[#edition|edition]]}} if "." should be appended rather than the typical {{nowrap|" ed."}} Examples where this might be needed include foreign-language editions such as {{xt|Shohan}} and other phrases such as {{xt|2009–2010 ed., fully rev. and expand}}.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Edition for entire books |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34268 |date=2009 }}</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|editionphrase.}}}}: If <code><var>Edition phrase</var></code> ends in a period, specify an empty {{para|editionphrase.}} parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the edition phrase.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|editor}}|<var>Editor(s)</var>}}: Editor or editors of the book. This uses the same format as for {{para|[[#Authors|author]]}}; see ''[[#Authors|Authors]]''. <code><var>Editor(s)</var></code> should contain roles, as in {{xt|Smith RB, editor}} and {{xt|Smith RB, Jones WR, editors}}. When both {{para|author}} and {{para|editor}} are given, it is assumed that the authors contributed a chapter to the editors' book, and {{para|[[#Chapter|chapter]]}} should also be given. Otherwise, the editors are listed in place of the authors. If the entire book has both authors and editors, the editors should be listed under {{para|[[#secondaryauthor|secondaryauthor]]}}.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|format}}|<var>Format</var>}}: The type of medium for the source. Specify {{xt|PDF}} if {{para|url}} specifies a resource in [[Portable Document Format]]. Omit {{para|format}} if the source is published in HTML or XHTML. Other possible values include physical formats such as {{xt|microfiche}}, {{xt|ultrafiche}}, {{xt|microfilm}}, and {{xt|ultrafilm}} for books,<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Type of medium for entire books |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34256 |date=2009 }}</ref> and {{xt|video}}, {{xt|videocast}}, and {{xt|podcast}} for web pages.<ref name=podcast>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Part is a video clip, videocast, or podcast |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231&rendertype=box&id=A60429 |date=2009 }}</ref> Normally it is not necessary to specify {{xt|Internet}} or {{xt|print}}, as this should be obvious from the rest of the citation if no format is specified.
;* For journal and news sources, this parameter is an extension to the NLM Vancouver style; it is added here because Wikipedia articles are commonly hyperlinked, whereas the NLM style is purely text.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|harvid}}|<var>ID</var>}}: An anchor suitable for [[Template:Harvard citation|Harvard citations]]; see ''[[#Anchors|Anchors]]''. For example, the {{para|harvid|SmithJones2010}} might be used as a target of the Harvard citation {{tlx|harv|Smith|Jones|2010}}, and it is equivalent to {{para|[[#ref|ref]]|{{tlx|harvid|Smith|Jones|2010}}}}. If {{para|harvid}} and {{para|ref}} are both given, {{para|harvid}} is ignored.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|home}}|<var>Homepage title</var>}}: The homepage's title; see ''[[#Titles|Titles]]''.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Title for homepages |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59291 |date=2009 }}</ref> If the title is in a foreign language, put its English translation in {{para|[[#trans_home|trans_home]]}}.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|home.}}}}: If <code><var>Homepage title</var></code> ends in a question mark or exclamation point, specify an empty {{para|home.}} parameter to suppress the period that would otherwise follow the homepage title.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|homeaccessdate}}|<var>Date</var>}}: Date the homepage (see {{para|[[#homeurl|homeurl]]}}) was last accessed and checked;<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Date of citation for homepages |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59444 |date=2009 }}</ref> see ''[[#Dates|Dates]]''.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|homedate}}|<var>Date</var>}}: Date of publication for the home page; see ''[[#Dates|Dates]]''.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Date of publication for homepages |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59404 |date=2009 }}</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|homeedition}}|<var>Edition</var>}}: The edition or version of the homepage being cited. This is equivalent to {{para|[[#editionphrase|editionphrase]]}}, except that it appends {{nowrap|" ed."}} instead of just a period.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|homeeditionphrase}}|<var>Edition phrase</var>}}: The edition or version being cited, if the homepage is published in more than one. In the NLM Vancouver style this uses Arabic ordinals and abbreviations, with the first word capitalized and periods after abbreviations. The {{para|editionphrase}} parameter should be used instead of {{para|[[#homeedition|homeedition]]}} if "." should be appended rather than the typical {{nowrap|" ed."}}<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Edition for homepages |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59336 |date=2009 }}</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|homeeditionphrase.}}}}: If <code><var>Edition phrase</var></code> ends in a period, specify an empty {{para|homeeditionphrase.}} parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the homepage edition phrase.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|homeformat}}|<var>Format</var>}}: The type of medium for the homepage, as in {{xt|PDF}}; see {{para|[[#Formats|format]]}}. The NLM Vancouver style specifies {{xt|Internet}} as the only value, and it also specifies a content type prefix of {{xt|homepage}}, as in {{xt|homepage on the Internet}}.<ref>{{para|homeformat}} values:
*{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Content type for homepages |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59313 |date=2009 }}
*{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Type of medium for homepages |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59325 |date=2009 }}
</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|homelanguage}}|<var>Language</var>}}: The language of the homepage, if not English.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Language for homepages |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59470 |date=2009 }}</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|homenotes}}|<var>Notes</var>}}: Any further information about the homepage. This should be brief; complete sentences are not needed.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Notes for homepages |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59480 |date=2009 }}</ref> End it with a period.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|homeupdate}}|<var>Update action and date</var>}}: The uncapitalized word for ''updated'' that was used by the source, followed by the date the homepage was updated or revised, as in {{xt|changed 2009-12-13}} or {{xt|revised 2009}}.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Date of update/revision for homepages |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59426 |date=2009 }}</ref> See ''[[#Dates|Dates]]''.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|homeurl}}|<var>URL</var>}}: URL of the homepage. When giving this parameter, also give {{para|[[#homeaccessdate|homeaccessdate]]}} unless the URL is known to be stable.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|id}}|<var>ID</var>}}: A [[unique identifier]], used if no other ID is available. Omit this if a more specialized parameter such as {{para|[[#isbn|isbn]]}} or {{para|[[#oclc|oclc]]}} is also given. The ID should specify the kind of identifier used.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|id}}|<var>ID</var>}}: A [[unique identifier]], used if no other ID is available. Omit this if a more specialized parameter is also given, such as {{para|[[#doi|doi]]}}, {{para|[[#isbn|isbn]]}}, {{para|[[#oclc|oclc]]}}, or {{para|[[#pmid|pmid]]}}. The ID should specify the kind of identifier used, as in {{xt|{{tlx|patent|US|6556992}}}}, which generates {{xt|{{patent|US|6556992}}}}. Other ID-generating templates include {{tl|arxiv}}, {{tl|JFM}}, {{tl|JSTOR}} {{tl|MathSciNet}}, and {{tl|Zbl}}.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|isbn}}|<var>isbn</var>}}: The book's [[International Standard Book Number]] such as {{xt|978-0-231-14636-4}}. The hyphens may be omitted, as in {{para|isbn|9780231146364}}. Prefer 13- to 10-digit ISBNs if both are available. Convert an SBN to an ISBN by prefixing it with a zero. See ''[[Wikipedia:ISBN]]'' for more about ISBNs in Wikipedia.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|issue}}|<var>Issue</var>}}: The issue number of the journal. Use an Arabic number, without any preceding "number" or "no." If it is a range, use an [[WP:ENDASH|en dash]], as in {{xt|1–2}}. Issues may be named, as in {{xt|Anniversary issue}}, or an issue supplement or part, as in {{xt|3 Suppl}}, {{xt|16 Suppl Pt 1}}, or a special number, as in {{xt|3 Spec No}}.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Issue number for journal articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A32352#A32576 |date=2009 }}</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|journal}}|<var>Journal name</var>}}: Name of the journal. This should be the name as it was published at the time. In the NLM Vancouver style, journal names are abbreviated by omitting insignificant words and replacing the rest with abbreviations, with no periods.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Journal title for journal articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A32352#A32453 |date=2009 }}</ref> For example, ''The Journal of Biocommunication'' becomes {{xt|J Biocommun}} without any periods. Lists of standard journal abbreviations are available.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Abbreviation rules for journal titles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A32352&rendertype=box&id=A33351 |date=2009 }}</ref> In some other styles, journal names are spelled out in full, or contain periods after abbreviations.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|journal.}}}}: If <code><var>Journal name</var></code> ends in a period, question mark or exclamation point, specify an empty {{para|journal.}} parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the journal name.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|journalformat}}|<var>Format</var>}}: The type of medium for the entire journal. Possible values include physical formats such as {{xt|microfiche}}, {{xt|ultrafiche}}, {{xt|microfilm}}, and {{xt|ultrafilm}}.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Type of medium for journal articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A32352#A32484 |date=2009 }}</ref> Normally it is not necessary to specify {{xt|Internet}} or {{xt|print}}, as this should be obvious from the rest of the citation if no format is specified.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|language}}|<var>Language</var>}}: The language of the source, if not English.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Language for entire books |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34401 |date=2009 }} {{vcite book |chapter=Language for journal articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A32352#A32645 }} {{vcite book |chapter=Language for newspaper articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A41486#A41636 }} {{vcite book |chapter=Language for a part of a web site |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59648 }}</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|laydate}}|<var>Date</var>}}: The lay summary's publication date; see ''[[#Dates|Dates]]''.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|laysource}}|<var>Source</var>}}: The lay summary's source, for example, {{xt|New York Times}}.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|laysummary}}|<var>URL</var>}}: The URL of the lay summary, which could be in the popular press.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|location}}|<var>Location</var>}}: Place of publication.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Place of publication for entire books |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34299 |date=2009 }} {{vcite book |chapter=Place of publication for homepages |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59363 }}</ref> For newspapers this is appended to the newspaper name, in parentheses; see {{para|[[#work|work]]}}.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|notes}}|<var>Notes</var>}}: Any further information. This should be brief; complete sentences are not needed.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Notes for entire books |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34413 |date=2009 }} {{vcite book |chapter=Notes for journal articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A32352#A32657 }} {{vcite book |chapter=Notes for newspaper articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A41486#A41644 }} {{vcite book |chapter=Notes for part of a web site |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59658 }}</ref> End it with a period. 
; {{para|{{visible anchor|oclc}}|<var>OCLC</var>}}: The book's [[Online Computer Library Center]] number, such as {{xt|3185581}}. This is particularly useful for older books that lack an ISBN.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|pages}}|<var>Pages</var>}}: The page number or numbers of the source. Use [[WP:ENDASH|en dashes]] in page ranges, as in {{xt|99–106}}. For a single hyphenated page number such as "3‑5", use a [[non-breaking hyphen]] ("‑" or "<code>&amp;#8209;</code>") rather than a regular hyphen, so that it is not inadvertently changed to an en dash by another editor or by a bot. In the NLM Vancouver style, a page range does not repeat page numbers (for example, {{xt|1447–50}} rather than {{!xt|1447–1450}}) unless they are followed by a letter (for example, {{xt|1447A–1450A}}).
;* For books, use the page numbers of the chapter, as in {{xt|100}} or {{xt|37, 39}}. In accordance with the Vancouver style, this will be displayed with a leading "p.&nbsp;", regardless of whether the argument is a single page number or several numbers.<ref name=pages>Page numbers for books:
* {{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Location (pagination) of the part of a book |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34861 |date=2009 }}
* {{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Location (pagination) for a part of a book on the Internet |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A53625#A54080 |date=2009 }}
</ref>
;* For journals, use the page numbers of the journal article.<ref name=pages>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Location (pagination) for journal articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A32352#A32620 |date=2009 }}</ref>
;* For news, use the page numbers of the article, if the printed edition was consulted. In the NLM Vancouver style, only the first page number is given.<ref name=Location>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Location (pagination) for newspaper articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A41486#A41607 |date=2009 }}</ref>
;* For web pages, use this if only part of the web page is being cited. For example, if the URL is a PDF file, this might be {{xt|603–4}}.<ref name=location>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Location (pagination) for part of a web site |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59613 |date=2009 }}</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|pagination}}|<var>Pagination</var>}}: The total number of pages in the book, followed by a space and "p", as in {{xt|495 p}}. Or if the book is multivolume, list the number of volumes followed by a space and "vol", as in {{xt|4 vol}}.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Pagination for entire books |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34362 |date=2009 }}</ref> Do not append a period. If a chapter is cited, use {{para|[[#pages|pages]]}} or {{para|[[#at|at]]}} instead of {{para|pagination}}.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|partid}}|<var>Part ID</var>}}: Use this when citing just a part of the article. Give the article's identification for the part, as in {{xt|Table 2}} or {{xt|Figure 1A}}.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Name and number/letter of part for parts of journal articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A32352#A32761 |date=2009 }}</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|partp}}|<var>Part pages</var>}}: The page or pages of the part being cited, in the same format as {{para|[[#pages|pages]]}}.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Location (pagination) of part for parts of journal articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A32352#A32814 |date=2009 }}</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|parttitle}}|<var>Part title</var>}}: The title of the part being cited.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Title of part for parts of journal articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A32352#A32791 |date=2009 }}</ref> See ''[[#Titles|Titles]]''. If the title is in a foreign language, put its English translation in {{para|[[#trans_parttitle|trans_parttitle]]}}. This can be combined with {{para|[[#partid|partid]]}} and {{para|[[#pages|pages]]}} to produce most citations for article parts; complex examples, such as citing parts available in multiple languages, should be placed at the end of {{para|[[#notes|notes]]}} instead.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|parttitle.}}}}: If <code><var>Part title</var></code> ends in a question mark or exclamation point, and if no {{para|[[#partp|partp]]}} is given, specify an empty {{para|parttitle.}} parameter to suppress the period that would otherwise follow the title.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|parturl}}|<var>Part URL</var>}}: The URL of the part being cited, if this differs from that of the article.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|physicaldescription}}|<var>Physical description</var>}}: The book's physical characteristics if it requires special equipment to read, as in {{xt|3 microfiche, blue & white, negative, 5×10&amp;cm}}. If this is given {{para|[[#Formats|format]]}} should also be given.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Physical description for entire books |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34376 |date=2009 }}</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|pmc}}|<var>PMC</var>}}: The article's [[PubMed Central]] number, such as {{xt|2699548}}. This provides free full-text access.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|pmid}}|<var>PMID</var>}}: The article's [[PMID|PubMed Unique Identifier]], as in {{xt|15128012}}. This provides access to an abstract and citation, and is a standard identifier in medicine and health-related fields. It may be useful even if {{para|[[#doi|doi]]}} is available, as it may point to a freely readable copy when the DOI does not, and PubMed servers are often more reliable than servers for DOIs.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|publisher}}|<var>Publisher</var>}}: The organization or individual that issued the resource. This can be abbreviated if well-known, for example, {{xt|Wiley}} for {{xt|John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.}}
;* For books, use the publisher's name as recorded in the book.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Publisher for entire books |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34318 |date=2009 }}</ref>
;* For news, this parameter should normally not be used; it is present only for backward compatibility with {{tl|cite news}}. In practice, {{para|[[#agency|agency]]}} or {{para|[[#work|work]]}} should be used instead.
;* For web pages, se the publisher's name as recorded in the homepage.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Publisher for homepages |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59381 |date=2009 }}</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|quote}}|<var>Quote</var>}}: An optional brief and relevant except from the source. It is surrounded by double quotes "like this", so it should use single-quotes internally.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|ref}}|<var>Anchor</var>}}: An anchor for this citation; see ''[[#Anchors|Anchors]]''. It should begin with a letter.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|secondaryauthor}}|<var>Secondary author(s)</var>}}: Editors, translators, illustrators, and other secondary authors. See ''[[#Authors|Authors]]''. <code><var>Secondary author(s)</var></code> should contain roles, as in {{xt|Smith RB, editor}} and {{xt|Wu RB, Jones WR, illustrators}}.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Editor and other secondary author for entire books |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34282 |date=2009 }} {{vcite book |chapter=Editor and other secondary authors for homepages |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59349 }}
</ref>
;* For books, this parameter should refer to the entire book (not just to a chapter), and should be used only if {{para|[[#Authors|author]]}} is also used; in the common case where the author wrote a chapter of a book that has an editor, use {{para|[[#editor|editor]]}} for the editors instead of {{para|secondaryauthor}}.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|section}}|<var>Section</var>}}: This is convenient shorthand for {{para|[[#sectionphrase|sectionphrase]]|Sect. <var>Section</var>}}.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|sectionphrase}}|<var>Section phrase</var>}}: The section of the newspaper that the article was published in, as in {{xt|Home & Family}}.<ref name=Location/> By convention, use {{para|[[#section|section]]}} if this is a number.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|series}}|<var>Series</var>}}: The name of the series of the book.<ref name=series>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Series for entire books |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34383 |date=2009 }}</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|serieseditor}}|<var>Editor(s)</var>}}: The editor or editors of the series, followed by ",&nbsp;editor"; see ''[[#Authors|Authors]]''.<ref name=series/> The {{para|[[#series|series]]}} parameter should also be specified.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|seriesvolumephrase}}|<var>Volume phrase</var>}}: The volume or number of the book in the series, using the same terminology the source uses, as in {{xt|no. 7}}, {{xt|vol. 7}}, or just plain {{xt|7}}.<ref name=series/> The {{para|[[#series|series]]}} parameter should also be specified.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|seriesvolume}}|<var>Volume</var>}}: A convenience parameter; {{para|seriesvolume|7}} is equivalent to {{para|[[#seriesvolumephrase|seriesvolumephrase]]|vol. 7}}.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|size}}|<var>Size</var>}}: The size of the web page, as in {{xt|950 kB}}, {{xt|about 15 screens}}, {{xt|5 p.}}, {{xt|about 10 p.}}, {{xt|4 paragraphs}}.<ref name=location/> If it contains a podcast or other timed data, specify its duration, as in {{xt|about 30 sec.}} or {{xt|2 min., 31 sec.}}}<ref name=podcast/>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|title}}|<var>Title</var>}}: Title of the source. See ''[[#Titles|Titles]]''. If the title is in a foreign language, put its English translation in {{para|[[#trans_title|trans_title]]}}.
;* For books, this is the title of the entire book.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Title for entire books |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34227 |date=2009 }}</ref>
;* For journals and news, this is the title of the article.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Article title for journal articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A32352#A32422 |date=2009 }} {{vcite book |chapter=Article title for newspaper articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A41486#A41524 }}</ref>
;* For web pages, this is the title of the web page.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Title for part of a web site |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59544 |date=2009 }}</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|title.}}}}: If <code><var>Title</var></code> ends in a question mark, exclamation point or period, specify an empty {{para|title.}} parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the title.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|trans_chapter}}|<var>Translated chapter title</var>}}: Translation of {{para|[[#Chapter|chapter]]}} (the chapter title) into English. See ''[[#Titles|Titles]]''.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|trans_home}}|<var>Translated homepage title</var>}}: Translation of {{para|[[#home|home]]}} (the homepage title) into English. See ''[[#Titles|Titles]]''.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|trans_parttitle}}|<var>Translated title of article part</var>}}: Translation of {{para|[[#parttitle|parttitle]]}} (the title of the article part) into English. See ''[[#Titles|Titles]]''.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|trans_title}}|<var>Translated title</var>}}: Translation of {{para|[[#Titles|title]]}} (the title) into English. See ''[[#Titles|Titles]]''.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|update}}|<var>Update action and date</var>}}: The uncapitalized word for ''updated'' that was used by the source, followed by the date the source was updated or revised, as in {{xt|changed 2009-12-13}} or {{xt|revised 2009}}.<ref name=news-sample/><ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Date of update/revision for entire books on the Internet |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A53625#A53833 |date=2009 }} {{vcite book |chapter=Date of update/revision for journal articles on the Internet |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A55580#A55736 }} {{vcite book |chapter=Date of update/revision for part of a web site |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59582 }}</ref> See ''[[#Dates|Dates]]''.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|url}}|<var>URL</var>}}: URL of the source. This should point to a freely readable version of the full text. If the full text is not freely readable, give this parameter only if the source has no other identification such as {{para|[[#doi|doi]]}}, {{para|[[#id|id]]}}, or {{para|[[#isbn|isbn]]}}. When giving this parameter, also give {{para|[[#accessdate|accessdate]]}} unless the URL is known to be stable.
;* For books, this should point to the entire book. If it is just a chapter, use {{para|[[#chapterurl|chapterurl]]}}.
;* For journals and news, this should point to the entire article.
;* For journals, if it just a part of the article, use {{para|[[#parturl|parturl]]}}. The URL should not point to [[PubMed Central]]; use {{para|[[#pmc|pmc]]}} for that.
;* For the web, this should point to the individual web page.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|volume}}|<var>Volume</var>}}:
;* For books, the volume number of a multivolume book. This is a convenience parameter; {{para|volume|7}} is equivalent to {{para|[[#volumephrase|volumephrase]]|Vol. 7}}.
;* For journals, the volume number of the journal. Use an Arabic number, without any preceding "volume" or "vol." If it is a range, use an [[WP:ENDASH|en dash]], as in {{xt|1–2}}.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Volume number for journal articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A32352#A32534 |date=2009 }}</ref>
; {{para|{{visible anchor|volumepagination}}|<var>Pagination</var>}}: The total number of pages in the book volume, followed by a space and "p", as in {{xt|495 p}}. Other formats are also allowed, in unusual cases, such as {{xt|p. 1027–997}} for a volume that is continuously paged from the previous volume.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Location (pagination) of volume |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34524 |date=2009 }}</ref> Do not append a period. If a chapter is cited, use {{para|[[#pages|pages]]}} or {{para|[[#at|at]]}} instead of {{para|pagination}}.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|volumephrase}}|<var>Volume</var>}}: Which volume of the book was cited. Use an Arabic number, such as {{xt|Vol. 3}} or {{xt|Pt. 3}}.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Volume and number of volume |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34492 |date=2009 }}</ref> This parameter is intended for multivolume books, when only one volume is being cited; for books that are volumes in a series, use {{para|[[#seriesvolumephrase|seriesvolumephrase]]}} instead.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|volumetitle}}|<var>Volume title</var>}}: Title of book volume.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Title of volume |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34509 |date=2009 }}</ref> See ''[[#Titles|Titles]]''.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|volumetitle.}}}}: If <code><var>Volume title</var></code> ends in a question mark or exclamation point, specify an empty {{para|volumetitle.}} parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the title.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|work}}|<var>Work name</var>}}: Name of the newspaper or other published work that contains the news article. This should be the name as it was published at the time. Do not abbreviate the newspaper name, except it is OK to omit a leading "The", as in {{xt|New York Times}}.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Newspaper title |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A41486#A41540 |date=2009 }}</ref> If the title does not indicate where the newspaper is published, add the location, as in {{xt|<nowiki>The ''(Baltimore)'' Sun</nowiki>}} and {{xt|<nowiki>Daily Nation (Nairobi)</nowiki>}}; if a location is not well-known, follow it with the state or country, as in {{xt|<nowiki>The Record ''(Stockton, CA)''</nowiki>}}, {{xt|<nowiki>East Valley ''(AZ)'' Tribune</nowiki>}}, and {{xt|<nowiki>Le Journal du Jura ''(Bienne, Switzerland)''</nowiki>}}.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Location added |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A41486&rendertype=box&id=A41813 |date=2009 }}</ref> For convenience, if the parenthesized part is at the end, {{para|[[#location|location]]}} can be used instead, as in "{{para|work|Daily Nation}} {{para|location|Nairobi}}".
; {{para|{{visible anchor|work.}}}}: If <code><var>Work name</var></code> ends in a period, question mark or exclamation point, specify an empty {{para|work.}} parameter to suppress the period that normally follows the work name.
; {{para|{{visible anchor|workformat}}|<var>Format</var>}}: The type of medium for the entire newspaper or other published work. Possible values include physical formats such as {{xt|microfiche}}, {{xt|ultrafiche}}, {{xt|microfilm}}, and {{xt|ultrafilm}}.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Type of medium for newspaper articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A41486#A41569 |date=2009 }}</ref> Normally it is not necessary to specify {{xt|Internet}} or {{xt|print}}, as this should be obvious from the rest of the citation if no format is specified.

== Formats ==

Typically, parameter values are displayed as entered, without reformatting or linking. This section gives advice as to how to format commonly-used parameters.

=== Authors ===

Authors should be formatted consistently within a Wikipedia article's citations. There is no Wikipedia-wide consensus about what format to use for authors. The Vancouver system suggests one of two main styles:<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Author/editor for entire books |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34173 |date=2009 }} {{vcite book |chapter=Author for journal articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A32352#A32371 }} {{vcite book |chapter=Author for newspaper articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A41486#A41497 }} {{vcite book |chapter=Author for homepages |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59247 }}</ref>

; Commas separating authors: Use the author's surname (as spelled by the author) and then initials, with no punctuation within an author's name. Convert family rank to Arabic ordinals such as {{xt|3rd}} but keep {{xt|Sr}} and {{xt|Jr}} alone. Omit degrees, titles, and honors. Romanize non-roman alphabets. Spell out organizational authors, and separate them from other authors with semicolons. Omit "Anonymous". Some examples:
;* {{xt|Smith RB, Hu AL}}
;* {{xt|O'Malley AR, L'Engle JZ, S'adeh M, St Cloud M, Smythe-Jones ER}}
;* {{xt|van der Platt J, Happé J, Sanchez Garcia JM, Lopez y Fuentes P}}
;* {{xt|Smith RC Jr, Jones B III, Barney MR Jr; American College of Academics}}

; Semicolons separating authors: This is similar, except separate authors with a semicolon, and spell out author names in full, surname first, with comma separating surname from given name and with periods following abbreviations. Some examples:
;* {{xt|Smith, Roger B.; Hu, Albert L.}}
;* {{xt|Smith, Robert C. Jr; Jones, Bertram III; Barney, Max R. Jr; American College of Academics}}

If the contributors to a book are not authors, follow their names with a comma and their role. The role should not be abbreviated. Separate multiple roles with a semicolon. Some examples:

;* {{xt|Smith RB, editor}}
;* {{xt|Smith RB, Hu AL, editors}}
;* {{xt|Jones AR, translator; Joseph RW, illustrator}}

If there are many authors, replace the trailing authors with {{xt|''et al.''}} or {{xt|and others}}. Typically the first three or six authors are kept. In one variant, all authors are listed unless there are more than six authors, in which case just the first three are listed. The limit of three or six often applies separately to individual and to institutional authors.

=== Dates ===
{{see|Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers)}}

Like authors, there is no consensus on Wikipedia about which date format to use in citations. Dates should use a consistent format within an article, and this format need not be the same as in the article's prose. Some formats are specified by the Vancouver system, and some other formats are also in common use on Wikipedia.

All formats allow a plain year, such as {{xt|2009}}, to stand for that year.

; Vancouver dates: The Vancouver system uses the following date formats:<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Date of publication for entire books |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A34155#A34340 |date=2009 }} {{vcite book |chapter=Date of publication for journal articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A32352#A32494 }} {{vcite book |chapter=Date of publication for newspaper articles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A41486#A41576 }} {{vcite book |chapter=Date of publication for parts of web sites |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231#A59565 }}</ref>
;* {{xt|2009 Jan 2}} for the second day of January in 2009. Use three-letter English-language month abbreviations, with no periods. {{xt|2009 Jan}} stands for the entire month.
;* {{xt|2009 Winter}} for seasons. Use English-language season names without abbreviation.
;* {{xt|2009 Dec 31–2010 Jan 7}} for date ranges. Separate the dates with [[WP:ENDASH|en dashes]]. Other examples: {{xt|2009 Dec–2010 Jan}} if days are omitted, {{xt|2009–2010}} if months are omitted, {{xt|2009 Jan–Feb}} if years are the same (and similarly for seasons), and {{xt|2009 Jan 1–10}} if months are the same.
; YYYY-MM-DD: {{xt|2009-01-02}} for the second day of January in 2009. This format is useful for citations that may be reused in foreign-language Wikipedias, since it is recognized globally.
; Day Month Year: {{xt|2 January 2009}} for the same example, and {{xt|January 2009}} for the entire month.
; Month Day, Year: {{xt|January 2, 2009}} for the same example, and {{xt|January 2009}} for the entire month.

=== Titles ===

Use [[sentence case]], the same way that you would capitalize an ordinary sentence, to capitalize the title of a minor work such as a chapter or article. Do this even if the original title capitalizes every word.

Use [[title case]], in which every important word is capitalized, to capitalize the title of a major work such as a book, volume, journal, or newspaper. (The NLM Vancouver style uses sentence case even for book and volume titles, but Wikipedia style is to use title case.)

If a {{para|
[[#Titles|title]]}} value is in a foreign language, put its translation into {{para|
[[#trans_title|trans_title]]}}, and similarly for {{para|
[[#Chapter|chapter]]}} and {{para|
[[#trans_chapter|trans_chapter]]}}, for {{para|
[[#home|home]]}} and {{para|
[[#trans_home|trans_home]]}}, and for {{para|
[[#parttitle|parttitle]]}} and {{para|
[[#trans_parttitle|trans_parttitle]]}}. This will display as the original title followed by the translation in square brackets. The original title is often omitted as it is rarely important to English language readers. If including the original title, use the appropriate case of the source language; for example, for the book ''[[Man's Fate]]'' one might use "{{para|title|La Condition humaine}} {{para|trans_title|Man's Fate}}".<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Article titles not in English |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A32352&rendertype=box&id=A33262 |date=2009 }} {{vcite book |chapter=Article titles not in English |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A32352&rendertype=box&id=A33262 |note=(Journals.) }} {{vcite book |chapter=Article titles not in English |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A41486&rendertype=box&id=A41782 |note=(Newspapers.) }} {{vcite book |chapter=Titles not in English |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A59231&rendertype=box&id=A59900 |Note=(Web.) }}</ref>

Use ": " to separate a title from a subtitle, unless some other punctuation is already present.

== Anchors ==

The {{para|
[[#ref|ref]]|<var>Anchor</var>}} parameter adds an anchor to the citation, so that it can be a target of a [[Wikipedia:Citing sources/Further considerations#Wikilinks to full references|wikilink to the citation]], as in <code><nowiki>[[#</nowiki><var>Anchor</var>|<var>text</var><nowiki>]]</nowiki></code>. This is useful in short citations like [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#Shortened footnotes|shortened notes]] and [[Wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing|parenthetical referencing]].

Harvard references such as {{tl|harv}} are a common form of parenthetical referencing, and the {{para|
[[#harvid|harvid]]|<var>ID</var>}} parameter is a convenient way to generate an [[Template:Citation/doc#Anchors for Harvard referencing templates|anchor suitable for Harvard referencing templates]]. The contents of this parameter should be the last names of the authors of the citation (omitting any authors after the first four), followed by the year, all jammed together without spaces or punctuation. For example, article prose might contain the markup <code><nowiki>{{harv|Peh|Ng|2009}}</nowiki></code>, which generates the Harvard reference {{harv|Peh|Ng|2009}}. To have this link to a citation, use {{para|harvid|PehNg2009}}, such as in the following:
: <code><nowiki>{{vcite journal |author=Peh WC, Ng KH |title=Preparing the references |journal=Singapore Med J |volume=50 |issue=7 |pages=659–61 |date=2009 |pmid=19644619 |url=http://smj.sma.org.sg/5007/5007emw1.pdf |format=PDF |harvid=PehNg2009 }}</nowiki></code>
This generates the following citation:
: {{vcite journal |author=Peh WC, Ng KH |title=Preparing the references |journal=Singapore Med J |volume=50 |issue=7 |pages=659–61 |date=2009 |pmid=19644619 |url=http://smj.sma.org.sg/5007/5007emw1.pdf |format=PDF |harvid=PehNg2009 }}
This citation is the target of the Harvard reference. To see how it works, click on the "{{harv|Peh|Ng|2009}}".

== Compatibility ==

These templates are intended to be used in place of {{tl|cite book}}, {{tl|cite journal}}, etc. For efficiency reasons they do not support all uses of {{tl|cite book}} etc., but they do support the following commonly used and documented parameters.

:; {{para|{{visible anchor|day}}|<var>Day</var>}}: See {{para|[[#year|year]]}}.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|month}}|<var>Month</var>}}: See {{para|[[#year|year]]}}.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|page}}|<var>Page</var>}}: The default value for {{para|[[#pages|pages]]}}.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|year}}|<var>Year</var>}}: The year of publication. This provides a default value for {{para|[[#Dates|date]]}}. If {{para|year}} is used and the citation is to a relatively timely source such as a newspaper or a web page, the parameters {{para|month}} and {{para|day}} also contribute to the default date.

The following backward-compatibility arguments are supported by {{tl|vancite book}} etc., but for simplicity and performance reasons they are not supported by {{tl|vcite book}} etc. This is the only way in which the <code>vcite</code> and <code>vancite</code> variants disagree. New uses of these templates should avoid these parameters, and should use the main parameters listed above.

:; {{para|{{visible anchor|at}}|<var>Location</var>}}:
:;* For books, this parameter is supported by {{tl|vcite book}} as well as by {{tl|vancite book}}.
:;* For journals, the default value for {{para|[[#pages|pages]]}}.
:;* Similarly for the web, except that leading "p.&nbsp;" is not prepended.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|author1}}|<var>Author</var>}}: The first author. Similarly for {{para|author2}}, {{para|author3}}, etc.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|authorlink}}|<var>URL</var>}}: A wikilink to be placed around the author. Similarly for {{para|authorlink1}}, {{para|authorlink2}}, etc.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|authormask}}|<var>Mask</var>}}: Mask for the author, for books and journals.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|author-name-separator}}|<var>Separator</var>}}: Separator between authors' last and first names, for journals.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|author-separator}}|<var>Separator</var>}}: Separator between authors, for journals.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|coauthors}}|<var>URL</var>}}: Equivalent to {{para|[[#author2|author2]]}}.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|display}}|<var>N</var>}}: Display at most <code><var>N</var></code> authors, for journals.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|editor1}}|<var>Editor</var>}}: The first editor, for books. Similarly for {{para|editor2}}, {{para|editor3}}, etc.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|editor1-first}}|<var>Name</var>}}: First name of first editor, for books. Similarly for {{para|editor2-first}}, {{para|editor3-first}}, etc.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|editor1-last}}|<var>Name</var>}}: Last name of first ecditor, for books. Similarly for {{para|editor2-last}}, {{para|editor3-last}}, etc.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|editor-link}}|<var>Page</var>}}:  A wikilink to be placed around the first editor, for books. Similarly for {{para|editor1-link}}, {{para|editor2-link}}, {{para|editor3-link}}, etc.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|first}}|<var>Name</var>}}: First name of first author. Similarly for {{para|first1}}, {{para|first2}}, etc.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|journal}}|<var>Journal name</var>}}: The default value for {{para|[[#work|work]]}}, for news.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|last}}|<var>Name</var>}}: Last name of first author. Similarly for {{para|last1}}, {{para|last2}}, etc.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|lastauthoramp}}|<var>Boolean</var>}}: Whether to use "&amp;" before the last author's name, for books.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|magazine}}|<var>Journal name</var>}}: The default value for {{para|[[#journal|journal]]}}, for journals and news.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|newspaper}}|<var>Journal name</var>}}: The default value for {{para|[[#journal|journal]]}}, for journals and news.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|periodical}}|<var>Journal name</var>}}: The default value for {{para|[[#journal|journal]]}}, for journals and news.
:; {{para|{{visible anchor|work}}|<var>Journal name</var>}}: The default value for {{para|[[#journal|journal]]}}, for journals; and the default value for {{para|[[#home|home]]}}, for web pages.

The following {{tl|cite book}} parameters are not supported.

{| class=wikitable border=1
|-
!| Parameter
|-
|| {{para|postscript}}
|-
|| {{para|separator}}
|}

The following {{tl|cite journal}} parameters are not supported. Typically their values should be folded into the values of related parameters.

{| class=wikitable border=1
|-
!| Parameter
!| What to do when converting to {{tl|vcite journal}}
|-
|| {{para|editor1-first}}, etc. || Fold into {{para|[[#notes|notes]]}}.
|-
|| {{para|editor1-last}}, etc. || Fold into {{para|notes}}.
|-
|| {{para|editor1-link}}, etc. || Fold into {{para|notes}}.
|-
|| {{para|issn}} || Not displayed; see ''[[#Citations to entire journals|Citations to entire journals]]''.
|-
|| {{para|location}} || Place of publication.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Place of publication for entire journal titles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A32352#A32903 |date=2009 }}</ref> Not displayed; see ''[[#Citations to entire journals|Citations to entire journals]]''.
|-
|| {{para|oclc}} || Not displayed; see ''[[#Citations to entire journals|Citations to entire journals]]''.
|-
|| {{para|postscript}} || Not supported.
|-
|| {{para|publisher}} || Publisher.<ref>{{vcite book |author=[[#Patrias|Patrias]] |chapter=Publisher for entire journal titles |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=A32352#A32919 |date=2009 }}</ref> Not displayed; see ''[[#Citations to entire journals|Citations to entire journals]]''.
|-
|| {{para|series}} || Fold into {{para|[[#volume|volume]]}}.
|-
|| {{para|version}} || Fold into {{para|volume}}.
|}

; {{visible anchor|Citations to entire journals}}: Parameters associated with a citation to the entire journal are not displayed by {{tl|cite journal}} and {{tl|vancite journal}}; these parameters would be suitable for a {{tl|vcite entire journal}} template, should one be written. Such parameters are usually not needed; exceptional cases can be folded into {{para|[[#notes|notes]]}}.

; Periods after parameters: If the {{para|[[#Titles|title]]}} parameter's value ends in a period, question mark, or exclamation point, the period that normally follows the title can be suppressed by specifying an empty {{para|[[#title.|title.]]}} parameter. Parameters such as {{para|[[#author.|author.]]}} behave similarly. Parameters such as {{para|title.}} and {{para|author.}} are not needed with {{tl|cite book}} etc., which punctuates these parameters differently.

== Examples ==

; {{visible anchor|Entire book}}
;* <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>vcite book | [[#Authors|author]]=Offit PA | [[#Titles|title]]=Autism's False Prophets: Bad Science, Risky Medicine, and the Search for a Cure | [[#Dates|date]]=2008 | [[#publisher|publisher]]=Columbia University Press | [[#isbn|isbn]]=978-0-231-14636-4<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>

;* {{vcite book |author=Offit PA |title=Autism's False Prophets: Bad Science, Risky Medicine, and the Search for a Cure |date=2008 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-14636-4 }}
; {{visible anchor|Contribution to a book}}
;* <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>vcite book | [[#Authors|author]]=Kossoff EH, Freeman JM | [[#Chapter|chapter]]=The ketogenic diet—the physician's perspective | [[#editor|editor]]=Stafstrom CE, Rho JM, editors | [[#Titles|title]]=Epilepsy and the ketogenic diet | [[#publisher|publisher]]=Humana | [[#Dates|date]]=2004 | [[#pages|pages]]=53–61 | [[#isbn|isbn]]=1-58829-295-9<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>

;* {{vcite book |author=Kossoff EH, Freeman JM |chapter=The ketogenic diet—the physician's perspective |editor=Stafstrom CE, Rho JM, editors |title=Epilepsy and the ketogenic diet |publisher=Humana |date=2004 |pages=53–61 |isbn=1-58829-295-9 }}
; {{visible anchor|All main book parameters}}
;* <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>vcite book | [[#Authors|author]]=John Smith Sr.; John Jones Jr. | [[#author.|author.]]= | [[#Chapter|chapter]]=Is this a real chapter title? | [[#chapter.|chapter.]]= | [[#trans_chapter|trans_chapter]]=Est-ce que c'un vrai chapitre est titre? | [[#chapterurl|chapterurl]]=<nowiki>http://example.com/chapter</nowiki> | [[#chapterformat|chapterformat]]=PDF | [[#editor|editor]]=John Adams Jr., editor | [[#Titles|title]]=Is this a real book title? | [[#title.|title.]]= | [[#url|url]]=<nowiki>http://example.com/book</nowiki> | [[#contenttype|contenttype]]=bibliography | [[#Formats|format]]=PDF | [[#editionphrase|editionphrase]]=2., Aufl. | [[#editionphrase.|editionphrase.]]= | [[#secondaryauthor|secondaryauthor]]=B.C. Smith, translator; L.T. Jones, illustrator | [[#volumephrase|volumephrase]]=Pt. 3 | [[#volumetitle|volumetitle]]=Is this a real volume title? | [[#volumepagination|volumepagination]]=507 p | [[#location|location]]=New York | [[#publisher|publisher]]=Bibliophile Press | [[#Dates|date]]=2008 | [[#update|update]]=updated 2009-09-23 | [[#accessdate|accessdate]]=2009-12-21 | [[#pagination|pagination]]=<nowiki><!--Omitted because a chapter is cited.--></nowiki> | [[#physicaldescription|physicaldescription]]=<nowiki><!--Omitted because a web version is cited.--></nowiki> | [[#serieseditor|serieseditor]]=Johnson, Edward, editor | [[#series|series]]=Is this a real series title? | [[#seriesvolumephrase|seriesvolumephrase]]=no. 7 | [[#language|language]]=French | [[#doi|doi]]=10.1234/5679 | [[#doi_brokendate|doi_brokendate]]=2009-12-20 | [[#id|id]]=LoC XYZ.23 | [[#isbn|isbn]]=123-456-789-0 | [[#oclc|oclc]]=987654321 | [[#quote|quote]]=So it goes. | [[#laysummary|laysummary]]=<nowiki>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/96448.php</nowiki> | [[#laysource|laysource]]=Medical News Today | [[#laydate|laydate]]=2008-02-07 | [[#notes|notes]]=This citation is completely invented, and is not intended to stand for a real source. | [[#chapterid|chapterid]]=Chapter 29 | [[#chapterupdate|chapterupdate]]=revised 2009-07-06 | [[#chapteraccessdate|chapteraccessdate]]=2009-12-22 | [[#pages|pages]]=239–43 | [[#chapterlanguage|chapterlanguage]]=Turkish | [[#ref|ref]]=SmithJones2008<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>

;* {{vcite book |author=John Smith Sr.; John Jones Jr. |author.= |chapter=Is this a real chapter title? |chapter.= |trans_chapter=Est-ce que c'un vrai chapitre est titre? |chapterurl=http://example.com/chapter |chapterformat=PDF |editor=John Adams Jr., editor |title=Is this a real book title? |title.= |url=http://example.com/book |contenttype=bibliography |format=PDF |editionphrase=2., Aufl. |editionphrase.= |secondaryauthor=B.C. Smith, translator; L.T. Jones, illustrator |volumephrase=Pt. 3 |volumetitle=Is this a real volume title? |volumepagination=507 p |location=New York |publisher=Bibliophile Press |date=2008 |update=updated 2009-09-23 |accessdate=2009-12-21 |pagination=<!--Omitted because a chapter is cited.--> |physicaldescription=<!--Omitted because a web version is cited.--> |serieseditor=Johnson, Edward, editor |series=Is this a real series title? |seriesvolumephrase=no. 7 |language=French |doi=10.1234/5679 |doi_brokendate=2009-12-20 |id=LoC XYZ.23 |isbn=123-456-789-0 |oclc=987654321 |quote=So it goes. |laysummary=http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/96448.php |laysource=Medical News Today |laydate=2008-02-07 |notes=This citation is completely invented, and is not intended to stand for a real source. |chapterid=Chapter 29 |chapterupdate=revised 2009-07-06 |chapteraccessdate=2009-12-22 |pages=239–43 |chapterlanguage=Turkish |ref=SmithJones2008}}
; {{visible anchor|Journal article}}
;* <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>vcite journal | [[#Authors|author]]=Bannen RM, Suresh V, Phillips GN Jr, Wright SJ, Mitchell JC | [[#Titles|title]]=Optimal design of thermally stable proteins | [[#journal|journal]]=Bioinformatics | [[#volume|volume]]=24 | [[#issue|issue]]=20 | [[#pages|pages]]=2339–43 | [[#Dates|date]]=2008 | [[#pmid|pmid]]=18723523 | [[#pmc|pmc]]=2562006 | [[#doi|doi]]=10.1093/bioinformatics/btn450 | [[#url|url]]=<nowiki>http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/24/20/2339}}</nowiki></code>

;* {{vcite journal |author=Bannen RM, Suresh V, Phillips GN Jr, Wright SJ, Mitchell JC |title=Optimal design of thermally stable proteins |journal=Bioinformatics |volume=24 |issue=20 |pages=2339–43 |date=2008 |pmid=18723523 |pmc=2562006 |doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btn450 |url=http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/24/20/2339}}
; {{visible anchor|All main journal parameters}}
;* <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>vcite journal | [[#Authors|author]]=John Smith Sr.; John Jones Jr. | [[#author.|author.]]= | [[#Titles|title]]=Est-ce que c'un vrai article est titre? |title.= | [[#trans_title|trans_title]]=Is this a real article title? | [[#articletype|articletype]]=letter | [[#journal|journal]]=J. Title. | [[#journal.|journal.]]= | [[#edition|edition]]=Off Ed | [[#journalformat|journalformat]]=Internet | [[#Dates|date]]=1999 | [[#update|update]]=revised 2002 | [[#archiveurl|archiveurl]]=<nowiki>http://example.com</nowiki> | [[#archivedate|archivedate]]=2003 | [[#accessdate|accessdate]]=2009-12-06 | [[#volume|volume]]=123 | [[#issue|issue]]=12 | [[#pages|pages]]=488–93 | [[#language|language]]=French | [[#url|url]]=<nowiki>http://example.org/xxx</nowiki> | [[#Formats|format]]=PDF | [[#doi|doi]]=10.1136/bmj.327.7413.488 | [[#doi_brokendate|doi_brokendate]]=2009-12-05 | [[#id|id]]=LoC XYZ.23 | [[#pmid|pmid]]=1234 | [[#pmc|pmc]]=2082983 | [[#bibcode|bibcode]]=1974AJ.....79..819H | [[#quote|quote]]=So it goes. | [[#laysummary|laysummary]]=<nowiki>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/96448.php</nowiki> | [[#laysource|laysource]]= Medical News Today | [[#laydate|laydate]]=2008-02-07 | [[#notes|notes]]=This citation is completely invented, and is not intended to stand for a real source. | [[#partid|partid]]=Appendix A | [[#parttitle|parttitle]]=Sont-elles ces données brutes? | [[#trans_parttitle|trans_parttitle]]=Is this raw data? | [[#parttitle.|parttitle.]]= | [[#partp|partp]]=491 | [[#parturl|parturl]]=<nowiki>http://example.org/appendix-A</nowiki> | [[#ref|ref]]=SmithJones1999<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>

;* {{vcite journal |author=John Smith Sr.; John Jones Jr. |author.= |title=Est-ce que c'un vrai article est titre? |title.= |trans_title=Is this a real article title? |articletype=letter |journal=J. Title. |journal.= |edition=Off Ed |journalformat=Internet |date=1999 |update=revised 2002 |archiveurl=http://example.com |archivedate=2003 |accessdate=2009-12-06 |volume=123 |issue=12 |pages=488–93 |language=French |url=http://example.org/xxx.pdf |format=PDF  |doi=10.1136/bmj.327.7413.488 |doi_brokendate=2009-12-05 |id=LoC XYZ.23 |pmid=1234 |pmc=2082983 |bibcode=1974AJ.....79..819H |quote=So it goes. |laysummary=http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/96448.php |laysource= Medical News Today |laydate=2008-02-07 |notes=This citation is completely invented, and is not intended to stand for a real source. |partid=Appendix A |parttitle=Sont-elles ces données brutes? |trans_parttitle=Is this raw data? |parttitle.= |partp=491 |parturl=http://example.org/appendix-A |ref=SmithJones1999 }}
; {{visible anchor|News article}}
;* <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>vcite news | [[#Authors|author]]=Lohr S | [[#Titles|title]]=Time change a 'mini-Y2K' in tech terms | [[#url|url]]=<nowiki>http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/05/technology/05daylight.html</nowiki> | [[#work|work]]=New York Times | [[#Dates|date]]=2007-03-05<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>

;* {{vcite news |author=Lohr S |title=Time change a 'mini-Y2K' in tech terms |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/05/technology/05daylight.html |work=New York Times |date=2007-03-05}}
; {{visible anchor|All main news parameters}}
;* <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>vcite news | [[#Authors|author]]=John Smith Sr.; John Jones Jr. | [[#author.|author.]]= | [[#Titles|title]]=Est-ce que c'un vrai article est titre? |title.= | [[#trans_title|trans_title]]=Is this a real article title? | [[#url|url]]=<nowiki>http://example.com</nowiki> | [[#Formats|format]]=PDF | [[#work|work]]=Is This a Newspaper Title? | [[#work.|work.]]= | [[#location|location]]=Bucharest | [[#edition|edition]]=Metro Ed. | [[#workformat|workformat]]=microfiche | [[#Dates|date]]=2009-12-20 | [[#update|update]]=updated 2009-12-21 | [[#archiveurl|archiveurl]]=<nowiki>http://example.com/archive</nowiki> | [[#archivedate|archivedate]]=2009-12-22 | [[#accessdate|accessdate]]=2009-12-23 | [[#sectionphrase|sectionphrase]]=Opinion | [[#pages|pages]]=12 | [[#column|column]]=2 | [[#language|language]]=French | [[#agency|agency]]=Reuters | [[#publisher|publisher]]=Springer | [[#id|id]]=<nowiki>{{issn|1234-5678}}</nowiki> | [[#quote|quote]]=So it goes. | [[#notes|notes]]=This citation is completely invented, and is not intended to stand for a real source. | [[#ref|ref]]=SmithJones2009<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>

;* {{vcite news |author=John Smith Sr.; John Jones Jr. |author.= |title=Est-ce que c'un vrai article est titre? |title.= |trans_title=Is this a real article title? |url=http://example.com |format=PDF |work=Is This a Newspaper Title? |work.= |location=Bucharest |edition=Metro Ed. |workformat=microfiche |date=2009-12-20 |update=updated 2009-12-21 |archiveurl=http://example.com/archive |archivedate=2009-12-22 |accessdate=2009-12-23 |sectionphrase=Opinion |pages=12 |column=2 |language=French |agency=Reuters |publisher=Springer |id={{issn|1234-5678}} |quote=So it goes. |notes=This citation is completely invented, and is not intended to stand for a real source. |ref=SmithJones2009 }}
; {{visible anchor|Web page}}
;* <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>vcite web | [[#Authors|author]]=Phillips RG | [[#home|home]]=Wig Wiki | [[#Titles|title]]=What to do when your wig is stolen | [[#url|url]]=<nowiki>http://blog.example.com/~phillips/hair-eye-comb/stolen-wig.html</nowiki> | [[#Dates|date]]=2009-12-20 | [[#accessdate|accessdate]]=2009-12-24<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>

;* {{vcite web |author=Phillips RG |home=Wig Wiki |title=What to do when your wig is stolen |url=http://blog.example.com/~phillips/hair-eye-comb/stolen-wig.html |date=2009-12-20 |accessdate=2009-12-24 }}
; {{visible anchor|All main web page parameters}}
;* <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>vcite web | [[#Authors|author]]=R.G. Phillips, Jr. | [[#author.|author.]]= | [[#home|home]]=Cheveux, oeil, peigne? | [[#home.|home.]]= | [[#trans_home|trans_home]]=Hair, eye, comb? | [[#homeurl|homeurl]]=<nowiki>http://blog.example.com/~phillips/hair-eye-comb/top.pdf</nowiki> | [[#homeformat|homeformat]]=PDF | [[#homeedition|homeedition]]=Global | [[#secondaryauthor|secondaryauthor]]=K. Phillips, translator | [[#location|location]]=Walla Walla, WA | [[#publisher|publisher]]=Idiosyncratic Press | [[#homedate|homedate]]=2009-11-01 | [[#homeupdate|homeupdate]]=modified 2009-11-19 | [[#homeaccessdate|homeaccessdate]]=2009-12-20 | [[#homelanguage|homelanguage]]=French | [[#homenotes|homenotes]]=Notes about the homepage. | [[#Formats|format]]=PDF | [[#Titles|title]]=Τι να κάνει όταν κλέβεται η περούκα σας |trans_title=What to do when your wig is stolen | [[#url|url]]=<nowiki>http://blog.example.com/~phillips/hair-eye-comb/stolen-wig.html</nowiki> | [[#Dates|date]]=2009-12-20 | [[#update|update]]=modified 2009-12-22 | [[#archiveurl|archiveurl]]=<nowiki>http://archive.example.com/stolen-wig.html</nowiki> | [[#archivedate|archivedate]]=2009-12-23 | [[#accessdate|accessdate]]=2009-12-24 | [[#pages|pages]]=659–61 | [[#size|size]]=174 kB | [[#language|language]]=Greek | [[#id|id]]=LoC XYZ.23 | [[#quote|quote]]=My goodness! Chase after the thief! | [[#notes|notes]]=Notes about the web page. | [[#ref|ref]]=Phillips2009<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>

;* {{vcite web |author=R.G. Phillips, Jr. |author.= |home=Cheveux, oeil, peigne? |home.= |trans_home=Hair, eye, comb? |homeurl=http://blog.example.com/~phillips/hair-eye-comb/top.pdf |homeformat=PDF |homeedition=Global |secondaryauthor=K. Phillips, translator |location=Walla Walla, WA |publisher=Idiosyncratic Press |homedate=2009-11-01 |homeupdate=modified 2009-11-19 |homeaccessdate=2009-12-20 |homelanguage=French |homenotes=Notes about the homepage. |format=PDF |title=Τι να κάνει όταν κλέβεται η περούκα σας |trans_title=What to do when your wig is stolen |url=http://blog.example.com/~phillips/hair-eye-comb/stolen-wig.html |date=2009-12-20 |update=modified 2009-12-22 |archiveurl=http://archive.example.com/stolen-wig.html |archivedate=2009-12-23 |accessdate=2009-12-24 |pages=659–61 |size=174 kB |language=Greek |id=LoC XYZ.23 |quote=My goodness! Chase after the thief! |notes=Notes about the web page. |ref=Phillips2009}}

== Rationale ==

This template was originally designed to attack a major problem with {{tl|citation}}, {{tl|cite book}}, etc.: these templates generate pages that can take way too long to load while browsing and editing. The initial version of the revised templates improved the page-generation time for ''[[Autism]]'' by a factor of two, and reduced the size of its HTML by over 35%.<ref>These measurements were generated from {{oldid|User:Eubulides/sandbox|329753018|"<code>vcite</code>"-using}} and {{oldid|User:Eubulides/sandbox|329187414|"<code>cite</code>"-using}} variants of the same version of ''[[Autism]]'', using the template implementations of the time.</ref>

To improve performance, this template omits the following features of {{tl|cite book}}, {{tl|cite journal}}, etc., roughly in descending order of importance:

* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats/COinS|COinS metadata]], which greatly bloats the output of {{tl|citation}}, {{tl|cite book}}, {{tl|cite journal}}, etc. Readers who want COinS data can get it by copying a page into a sandbox and replacing all instances of "<code><nowiki>{{vcite&nbsp;</nowiki></code>" or "<code><nowiki>{{vancite&nbsp;</nowiki></code>" with "<code><nowiki>{{cite&nbsp;</nowiki></code>". Perhaps a gadget or tool will be developed to automate this task.
* Wikilinks from each instance of "doi" to ''[[Digital object identifier]]'', from each instance of "ISBN" to ''[[International Standard Book Number]]'', from each instance of "PMID" to ''[[PMID]]'', etc. Not only do these links consume needless bytes, they are not that useful and they typically constitute [[WP:OVERLINK|overlinking]].
* Automatically-generated Harvard references. The Vancouver style is normally used with numbered footnotes, not with Harvard references, so this deficiency is not serious. Harvard references can still be done fairly easily with {{para|[[#harvid|harvid]]}}; see ''[[#Anchors|Anchors]]''.
* The <code>vcite</code> variants do not support fancy ways of formatting authors and editors, with parameters like {{para|coauthors}}, {{para|last8}}, {{para|editor2-first}}, and {{para|editor3-link}}. Please format author names and links the way you prefer them, inside {{para|[[#Authors|author]]}}. Or you can use {{tl|vancite book}} etc., which do support fancy formatting, at some cost in simplicity and performance.
* Boldface volume numbers. Boldfacing is not needed in the Vancouver style, and would be a distracting visual cue.
* Quote marks around titles of chapter or article titles. This is not part of the Vancouver style.

== See also ==
* [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|Citing sources]]
* {{tl|vcite book}}, {{tl|vancite book}}, {{tl|cite book}} – Cite books.
* {{tl|vcite journal}}, {{tl|vancite journal}}, {{tl|cite journal}} – Cite journal articles.
* {{tl|vcite news}}, {{tl|vancite news}}, {{tl|cite news}} – Cite newspaper articles.
* {{tl|vcite web}}, {{tl|vancite web}}, {{tl|cite web}} – Cite web pages.
* {{tl|citation}} – Cite sources in general.

== References ==
{{reflist |colwidth=30em |refs=
<ref name=Citing-medicine>{{vcite book |ref=Patrias |author=Patrias K |secondaryauthor=Wendling DL, technical editor |title=Citing medicine: the NLM Style Guide for authors, editors, and publishers |edition=2nd |location=Bethesda (MD) |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed |publisher=National Library of Medicine (US) |date=2007 |update=updated 2009-10-21 |accessdate=2009-12-06 }}</ref>
}}

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[[Category:Citation templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]

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