ढाँचा:Val/कागजात

This template is used on approximately १७,००० pages and changes may be widely noticed. Test changes in the template's /sandbox or /testcases subpages, or in your own user subpage. Consider discussing changes on the talk page before implementing them.

यो ढाँचाले लुआ प्रयोग गर्दछ:

Module:Val (sandbox)

This template is used to easily present values in scientific notation, including uncertainty and/or units, as prescribed by Wikipedia's Manual of Style.

Introduction[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]

Val specializes in numeric values, especially those with scientific notations, uncertainty notations, and those with measurement values with physical units. Because these expressions are covered by the Manual of Style, Val provides the stylized output for you, and keeps them from wrapping across lines.

Express a numeral:

{{val|123456.78901}} → value, formatted with gaps: १२३४५६.७८९०१, or with |fmt=commas → १२३,४५६.७८९०१
{{val|number|number}} → value ± uncertainty, like १२३,४७८±५६
{{val|number|(number)}} → value(uncertainty), like १२,३४५(५६)
{{val|number|number|number}} →value +uncertainty
−uncertainty like १२३४++५६
−७८

Express a measurement value: {{val|4|ul=m2}} → ४m². The m2 is a "unit code" that Val uses to lookup the link to the unit's article, and the formatting of the unit symbol. Val links the units to the page it has on file for them. See {{Val/list}}.

There are a large number of unit codes that Val understands and keeps "up to code". A unit code is the just abbreviated unit name, but these can get quite involved for a compound or composite unit, with "multipliers" or "dividers". See Module:Val/units.

Some unit-code flexibility is provided by having four parameters to work the unit-code system: whether to link one or not, (see Overlinking), and whether to link the numerator or denominator of a unit ratio separately.

{{val|number|ul=unit code}} → number symbol, such as ९.८वर्ग कि.मि.
{{val|number|u=unit code}} → number symbol, such as ९.८वर्ग कि.मि.
{{val|number|u=unit code|upl=unit code}} → number symbol/symbol, such as ९.८galmin
{{val|number|ul=unit code|up=unit code}} → number symbol/symbol, such as ९.८parsecवर्ष

To bypass the unit code system, if |u= does not recognize your unit code, it will accept any wikitext and render it as usual.

{{val|5.4|u=[[kg]]⋅[[meter|m]]/s2}} → ५.४kg⋅m/s²
{{val|7.6|u=[[metre per second squared|m/s2]]}} → ७.६m/s²

See Module:Val/units for how to add units to the unit code system.

Sometimes a number and unit code is not enough. A prefix or suffix are also available, |p= and |s=.

{{val|7600|u=C⋅Ga|p=>|s=<}} → >७६००C⋅Ga<
{{val|7600|u=C|p=|s=}} → ^{७६००C}

See {{val/testcases}} to learn the val parameters by an example. It is comprehensive, and there are over 100 examples.

Arguments[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]

यस शीर्षकमा थप जानकारीको लागि Help:Template#Parameters हेर्नुहोस ।

Val takes three unnamed parameters. The first is always the numeric value. When the second and third are numbers they become the various uncertainty notations, but the second unnamed parameter can also serve to grammatically join the first and third numbers.

Val clears surrounding spaces in its unnamed parameters.

1st or `\|1=`	A number in decimal point notation or in e notation. The main basis of the Val expression. `{{val\|1234567.1234567}}` → १२३४५६७.१२३४५६७ `{{val\|.1234}}` → ०.१२३४ (adds the zero) `{{val\|+1234}}` → +१२३४ (displays the plus) `{{val\|-1234}}` → −१२३४ (replaces the hyphen-minus with a minus sign) `{{val\|12e34}}` → १२e३४ (E notation)
`\|fmt=`	By default, numbers are formatted with gaps separating groups of three digits in both integer and fractional part. However, by default, four-digit integers are not formatted; use `\|fmt=gaps` to force gaps. Use `\|fmt=commas` to delimit the integer part of the number with commas. Use `\|fmt=none` for no formatting (no gaps or commas). `{{val\|1234567.1234567}}` → १२३४५६७.१२३४५६७ `{{val\|1234567.1234567\|fmt=commas}}` → १,२३४,५६७.१२३४५६७ `{{val\|1234}}` → १२३४ `{{val\|1234\|fmt=gaps}}` → १२३४ `{{val\|1234.5}}` → १२३४.५ `{{val\|1234.5\|fmt=none}}` → १२३४.५
`\|end=`	Put something at the end of the main number (before anything else that might follow). `{{val\|11\|end=<END>}}` → ११<END> `{{val\|11\|22\|end=<END>}}` → ११<END>±२२ `{{val\|1111\|(22)\|end=<END>}}` → ११११<END>(२२) `{{val\|11\|22\|33\|end=<END>}}` → Error in {{val}}: third argument is not negative. `{{val\|11\|ul=m/s\|end=<END>}}` → ११<END>m/s
2nd or `\|2=`	Uncertainty in either format. `{{val\|11\|22}}` → ११±२२ `{{Val\|11\|(22)}}` → ११(२२) A conjunction to join two numbers. Useful for ranges, grammatical output, etc. `{{val\|11\|-\|33}}` → Error in {{val}}: second argument is not a valid number or requires too much precision to display. `{{val\|11\|–\|33}}` → Error in {{val}}: second argument is not a valid number or requires too much precision to display. `{{val\|11\|,\|33}}` → Error in {{val}}: second argument is not a valid number or requires too much precision to display. `{{val\|11\|by\|33\|e=9}}` → Error in {{val}}: second argument is not a valid number or requires too much precision to display. `{{val\|11\|and\|33\|end=$}}` → Error in {{val}}: second argument is not a valid number or requires too much precision to display. `{{val\|11\|or\|33}}` → Error in {{val}}: second argument is not a valid number or requires too much precision to display. `{{val\|11\|to\|33}}` → Error in {{val}}: second argument is not a valid number or requires too much precision to display. `{{val\|11\|x\|33}}` → Error in {{val}}: second argument is not a valid number or requires too much precision to display. `{{val\|11\|×\|33}}` → Error in {{val}}: second argument is not a valid number or requires too much precision to display. `{{val\|11\|/\|33\|ul=m/s}}` → Error in {{val}}: second argument is not a valid number or requires too much precision to display. Note that for dashes or x's, the various kinds all obtain one properly styled output.
3rd or `\|3=`	Asymmetric uncertainty. `{{Val\|11\|22\|33}}` → Error in {{val}}: third argument is not negative.
`\|errend=` or `\|+errend=` and `\|-errend=`	Appends something after an uncertainty. `{{val\|11\|22\|errend=<Errend>}}` → ११±२२<Errend> `{{val\|11\|22\|33\|+errend=<+Errend>\|-errend=<−Errend>}}` → Error in {{val}}: third argument is not negative.
`\|u=` or `\|ul=`	The unit code. Val adds a space and the unit. `\|ul=` Link the unit. `\|u=` Don't link the unit. Also accepts wiki markup in lieu of a unit code. `{{val\|11\|ul=m}}` → ११मिटर
`\|up=` or `\|upl=`	A unit code, but instead of a space Val adds a slash and the unit, a "per" unit (the denominator), to form a ratio. `\|upl=` Link the per unit. `\|up=` Don't link the per unit. The ratio can be of two unit codes, or a prefix and a unit code. Val will add parentheses to disambiguate, if a unit code has a dot or a slash. `{{Val\|11\|ul=J/C\|upl=F/m}}` → ११J/CF/m `{{Val\|11\|upl=acre\|p=$}}` → $११ढाँचा:Convert/ScientificValue/LonAonSoffNa `{{Val\|11\|ul=km/s\|upl=Mpc}}` → ११km/sMpc `{{Val\|11\|ul=kg.m\|upl=s-2}}` → ११kg.ms-2
`\|p=`	Prefix the entire Val expression. Non-spaced, but accepts markup. `{{Val\|11\|22\|ul=m/s\|p=<Prefix>}}` → <Prefix>११±२२m/s `{{Val\|11\|22\|ul=m/s\|p=<Prefix> }}` → <Prefix> ११±२२m/s
`\|s=`	Suffix the entire Val expression. Non-spaced, but accepts markup. `{{Val\|11\|22\|ul=m/s\|s=<Suffix>}}` → ११±२२m/s<Suffix> `{{Val\|11\|22\|ul=m/s\|s= <Suffix>}}` → ११±२२m/s <Suffix>
`\|e=`	Exponent. Val alternatively accepts e notation in the first parameter; these are mutually exclusive (see "1st" argument above). `{{Val\|11\|22\|33\|e=11}}` → Error in {{val}}: third argument is not negative. `{{Val\|11e11\|22\|33}}` → Error in {{val}}: third argument is not negative.
`\|long scale=`	Usually a unit is the short ton and billion means १×१०^९. But there are long versions of these units and others. Use `\|long scale=on` to assign your unit to the long scale instead. The unit code's link will change and it will sort differently in tables. "See Long and short scales".
`\|nocategory=`	If set to any value, errors in the use of this template will not cause the page to be added to the Pages with incorrect formatting templates use category. This is useful for documentation and test pages that do not need to be fixed.

Errors[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]

There is strict checking on the validity of arguments; any incorrect use will result in an error, which is displayed using {{FormattingError}}. Pages that contain incorrect use of this template will show up on Category:Pages with incorrect formatting templates use.

Val checks for unsupported parameters and gives a relatively subtle warning if found. See tracking category to track any of these improper usages on existing on the wiki. Hold the mouse over "warning" to see details. Here is what warnings look like:

{{val|1.23|exp=6|u=m/s}} → १.२३m/s
{{val|1.23|us=kbit/s}} → १.२३
{{val|1.23|.05|.04|.03|u=m/s}} → Error in {{val}}: third argument is not negative.

Format of numbers[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]

{{Val}} produces formatting compliant with Wikipedia's Manual of Style.

The MOS recommends that numbers either be delimited using thin spaces either side of the decimal, or commas to the left and no delimiters to the right. Articles should be consistent with respect to the style of delimiting. The template defaults to the former style, this can be adjusted using |fmt= (see above).

Sorting[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]

यस शीर्षकमा थप जानकारीको लागि Help:Sorting हेर्नुहोस ।

The sort key for each sortable unit is visible at Template:Val/list.

Here is a live example showing the minimal markup for a sortable table:

{| class="sortable"
! Val sort test
! In base unit
|-
| {{val|3|ul=  Mm }}
| {{val|3000000|u=m}}
|-
| {{val|4e6|ul= m }}
| {{val|4000000|u=m}}
|-
| {{val|1|ul=  km }}
| {{val|1000|u=m}}
|-
| {{val|5e3|u=  m }}
| {{val|5000|u=m}}
|-
| {{val|2|u=    m }}
| {{val|2|u=m}}
|}

Click to sort ↓
Val sort test	In base unit
३Mm	३००००००मी
४e६मिटर	४००००००मी
१कि.मि.	१०००मी
५e३मी	५०००मी
२मी	२मी

A sort value relates to a Val expression as follows.

The numeric value is a starting point.
If the unit has an SI Prefix, that order of magnitude is applied.
The value of the unit from its own system of units is applied.
If the unit is composite, each subunit is multiplied or divided per their dimension.
The result is passed to {{ntsh}} which applies a normalization formula.
The output of {{ntsh}} is added (behaviorally only, i.e. "hidden") into the table as usual, via the data-sort-value attribute of a table.

More example expressions[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]

Number[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]

{{val|1234567.1234567}} → १२३४५६७.१२३४५६७
.{{val| 1234567.1234567 }}. → .१२३४५६७.१२३४५६७.
{{val|.1234567|fmt=commas}} → ०.१२३४५६७
{{val|+1234567|fmt=commas}} → +१,२३४,५६७
{{val|-1234567}} → −१२३४५६७

Uncertainty[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]

{{val|1.234|0.005}} → १.२३४±०.००५
{{val|1.234|0.005|e=3}} → (१.२३४±०.००५)×१०^३
{{val|1.234|+0.005|-0.006}} → १.२३४++०.००५
−०.००६
{{val|1.234|(5)}} → १.२३४(५)

Units[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]

{{val|1.234|u=m}} → १.२३४मी
{{val|1.234|u=m2}} → १.२३४m²
{{val|1.234|ul=m}} → १.२३४मिटर
{{val|123.4|ul=USgal}} → १२३.४US gal
{{val|12.34|ul=mpgimp}} → १२.३४mpgimp

{{val|12.34|u=deg}} → १२.३४°deg
{{val|1.234|0.005|u='}} → १.२३४′±०.००५′'
{{val|1.234|+0.005|-0.006|u="}} → १.२३४″++०.००५″
−०.००६″"

{{val|1.234|u=%}} → १.२३४%%
{{val|1.234|end= [[m/s]]}} → १.२३४ m/s

{{val|12.34|u=degC}} → १२.३४°से
{{val|12.34|u=K}} → १२.३४K

Exponents[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]

{{val|1.234e5|ul=m}} → १.२३४मिटर
{{val|1.234|e=5|ul=m}} → १.२३४×१०^५मिटर

{{val|1.234e7|0.056}} → १.२३४±०.०५६
{{val|1.234|0.056|e=7}} → (१.२३४±०.०५६)×१०^७

{{val|1.23456e-9|+0.00007|-0.00008|ul=m/s}} → १.२३४५६++०.००००७
−०.००००८m/s
{{val|1.23456|+0.00007|-0.00008|e=-9|ul=m/s}} → १.२३४५६++०.००००७
−०.००००८×१०^−९m/s

{{val|1.234e7|0.056|ul=psi}} → १.२३४±०.०५६psi
{{val|1.234|0.056|e=7|ul=psi}} → (१.२३४±०.०५६)×१०^७psi

{{val|1.234e-2|(5)}} → १.२३४(५)
{{val|1.234|(5)|e=-2}} → १.२३४(५)×१०^−२

Prefix/suffix[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]

{{val|12.34|p=Δ }} → Δ १२.३४
{{val|12.34|u=%|p=≅}} → ≅१२.३४%%
{{val|12.34|0.25|s=%}} → १२.३४±०.२५%

Numerator/denominator[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]

{{val|1.234|e=7|ul=W|up=m2}} → १.२३४×१०^७Wm²

Repeating digits[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]

{{val|1.2|end={{overline|34}}|e=7|ul=W|up=m2}} → १.२34×१०^७Wm²

Even more examples[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]

See the testcases at {{val/testcases}}.

FAQ and comments[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]

Q. Why should I use Val?

A1. Val formats numbers:

inserts spaces between groups of digits, meeting MoS standards,
formats standard uncertainties in measurements, providing a ± character, correct spacing, and correct alignment,
formats exponents of 10 and scientific notation,
replaces "-" (hyphen) with a "−" (minus sign).

A2. Val preserves spacing:

It makes sure the value does not wrap at the end of a line, so that it can always be read as a single value on one line in the text.
It spaces the various parts of the value where they should be.

A3. Configuring Val gives you your own code for automating the markup for, and a link to, any units in the entire Encyclopedia.

A4. Val helps make Wikipedia more consistent. It adheres to the Wikipedia Manual of Style for numbers. Updates to the MoS can be applied to this template and result in automatic modification on values that use it. All this makes sure all values on all pages have the same look and feel because they will all use the same spacing, font size, positioning, etc, and makes updating and checking by the bots easier because they can recognize a value for what it is.

Q. Why not use <math>?

A. For the same reasons HTML might be preferred over TeX:

Because the font in math tags differs both in face and size from the prose, which can disturb the layout of a page when used inline with the prose.
You cannot cut and paste a bitmap image rendered by the LaTeX.
Images are slower to load and use more bandwidth, which is especially bad for the mobile version of Wikipedia.
<math> does not automatically easily align to the Manual of Style for numbers.

Q. Are there any known issues with Val?: A1: This template is now a new Lua module as of Aug 6, 2015. Technically, there is no good reason not to try Val.; A2. Issues are solved rapidly by an active set of responsive template coders. See the talk page.
Q. How should I use Val?: A1. Val probably already has your unit on its current list. If not, add your own unit there.; A2. To avoid overlinking, switch from |ul= to |u= and from |upl= to |up=.; A3. Any time you have a unit to link or a table to sort, Val already setup with that unit's link and sorting value.; A3. Use Val along with {{Convert}}. See how to add units to Convert.; A4. Where consistent styling of long list articles, with many hundreds or thousands of numbers or units is needed.

TemplateData[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]

This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. Click here to see a monthly parameter usage report for this template in articles based on this TemplateData.

Valको कागजात