युरोलोजी

Urology is the field of medicine that focuses on the urinary tracts of males र females , र on the reproductive system of males. In men, the urinary system overlaps with the reproductive system, र in women the urinary tract opens into the vulva. In both sexes, the urinary र reproductive tracts are close together, र disorders of one often affect the other. The organs covered by urology include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, र the male reproductive organs (testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate र penis).

The discipline combines management of medical (i.e., non-surgical) problems such as urinary infections, र surgical problems such as the correction of congenital abnormalities र the surgical management of cancers. Such abnormalities within the genital region are called genitourinary disorders.

Urologists are also involved in the assessment र treatment of incontinence. Urodynamics is the study of the pressure within the urinary system र urologists often use diagnostic techniques such as flow cystometry or ambulatory urodynamic profiles to determine the best method of treatment for the patient. This could include medical prescription (e.g. oxybutynin or multiple alpha-blockers) or surgical intervention (e.g. urethral suspension/slings).

Other subfields of urology include urologic oncology, stone disease, voiding dysfunction, pediatric urology, sexual dysfunction र male infertility.

Urology is closely related to the medical fields of nephrology, andrology, gynaecology र oncology.

See also

• Prostatitis
• Circumcision
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Cystitis
• Prostate cancer
• Bladder stones
• Kidney stones
• Bladder cancer
• Development of the urinary र reproductive organs
• Retrograde pyelogram
• Uroscopy
• Vasectomy

External links

• International Kidney Stone Institute
• On-Line Urology Journal Club (via JournalReview.org)
• Uroportal International