भियतनाम युद्ध
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भियतनाम युद्ध (1 नोभेम्बर 1 9 55 - 30 अप्रिल 1975.) शीतयुद्ध काल मा भियतनाम, लाओस र कम्बोडिया को एक भयंकर लड़ाईको नाम हो पहिलो हिन्दचीन युद्ध पछि सुरु भयो यो युद्ध उत्तरी भियतनाम (कम्युनिस्ट राष्ट्रहरु द्वारा समर्थित) र दक्षिण भियतनाम को सरकार (संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका र अन्य साम्यवादविरोधी देशहरु द्वारा समर्थित) को बीच मा युद्ध गरियो। यो "द्वितीय हिन्दचीन युद्ध" पनि भन्छन्। यो शीतयुद्ध को समयमा साम्यवादी र-विचारधारा को मध्य एक प्रतीकात्मक युद्ध को रूपमा देखा पर्यो।
सन्दर्भ[सम्पादन गर्ने]
- ↑ DoD 1998
- ↑ Lawrence 2009, p. 20.
- ↑ Olson & Roberts 1991, p. 67.ढाँचा:Cnf
- ↑ Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 1954–1960, The Pentagon Papers (Gravel Edition), Volume 1, Chapter 5, (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), Section 3, pp. 314–46; International Relations Department, Mount Holyoke College.
- ↑ ५.०० ५.०१ ५.०२ ५.०३ ५.०४ ५.०५ ५.०६ ५.०७ ५.०८ ५.०९ ५.१० ५.११ ५.१२ ५.१३ ५.१४ Rohn, Alan (नोभेम्बर २६, २०१२), "What countries involved in the Vietnam War?", The Vietnam War, अन्तिम पहुँच अप्रिल ८, २०१८।
- ↑ ६.०० ६.०१ ६.०२ ६.०३ ६.०४ ६.०५ ६.०६ ६.०७ ६.०८ ६.०९ ६.१० ६.११ ६.१२ ६.१३ ६.१४ ६.१५ ६.१६ ६.१७ ६.१८ ६.१९ ६.२० ६.२१ ६.२२ ६.२३ ६.२४ ६.२५ ६.२६ ६.२७ ६.२८ ६.२९ ६.३० ६.३१ ६.३२ ६.३३ ६.३४ ६.३५ ६.३६ ६.३७ ६.३८ Friedman, Herbert, "Allies of the Republic of Vietnam", psywarrior.com, अन्तिम पहुँच अप्रिल ८, २०१८।
- ↑ ७.०० ७.०१ ७.०२ ७.०३ ७.०४ ७.०५ ७.०६ ७.०७ ७.०८ ७.०९ ७.१० "America Wasn’t the Only Foreign Power in the Vietnam War", Military History Now, अक्टोबर २, २०१३, अन्तिम पहुँच अप्रिल ८, २०१८।
- ↑ Moïse 1996, pp. 3–4.
- ↑ Weil, Thomas E. et. al. Area Handbook for Brazil (1975), p. 293
- ↑ "Chapter Three: 1957–1969 Early Relations between Malaysia and Vietnam" (PDF), University of Malaya Student Repository, पृ: ७२, अन्तिम पहुँच १७ अक्टोबर २०१५।
- ↑ "Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj (Profiles of Malaysia's Foreign Ministers)" (PDF), Institute of Diplomacy and Foreign Relations (IDFR), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia), २००८, पृ: ३१, आइएसबिएन 978-9832220268, १६ अक्टोबर २०१५-को मूल रूप सङ्ग्रहित, अन्तिम पहुँच १७ अक्टोबर २०१५, "The Tunku had been personally responsible for Malaya's partisan support of the South Vietnamese regime in its fight against the Vietcong and, in reply to a Parliamentary question on 6 February 1962, he had listed all the used weapons and equipment of the Royal Malaya Police given to Saigon. These included a total of 45,707 single-barrel shotguns, 611 armoured cars and smaller numbers of carbines and pistols. Writing in 1975, he revealed that "we had clandestinely been giving 'aid' to Vietnam since early 1958. Published American archival sources now reveal that the actual Malaysian contributions to the war effort in Vietnam included the following: "over 5,000 Vietnamese officers trained in Malaysia; training of 150 U.S. soldiers in handling Tracker Dogs; a rather impressive list of military equipment and weapons given to Viet-Nam after the end of the Malaysian insurgency (for example, 641 armored personnel carriers, 56,000 shotguns); and a creditable amount of civil assistance (transportation equipment, cholera vaccine, and flood relief)". It is undeniable that the Government's policy of supporting the South Vietnamese regime with arms, equipment and training was regarded by some quarters, especially the Opposition parties, as a form of interfering in the internal affairs of that country and the Tunku's valiant efforts to defend it were not convincing enough, from a purely foreign policy standpoint."
- ↑ १२.०० १२.०१ १२.०२ १२.०३ १२.०४ १२.०५ १२.०६ १२.०७ १२.०८ १२.०९ १२.१० १२.११ १२.१२ १२.१३ १२.१४ १२.१५ १२.१६ १२.१७ १२.१८ १२.१९ १२.२० १२.२१ १२.२२ १२.२३ १२.२४ १२.२५ १२.२६ १२.२७ "Vietnamese NLF Victory Map", Cornell University, अन्तिम पहुँच अप्रिल ८, २०१८।
- ↑ The Cuban Military Under Castro, 1989. p. 76
- ↑ Cuba in the World, 1979. p. 66
- ↑ "Foreign Affairs in the 1960s and 1970s", Bulgaria Country Study, Library of Congress, १९९२, "Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Bulgaria gave official military support to many national liberation causes, most notably in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, (North Vietnam)…"
- ↑ "Cesky a slovensky svet", Svet.czsk.net, अन्तिम पहुँच २४ फेब्रुअरी २०१४।
- ↑ "Bilaterální vztahy České republiky a Vietnamské socialistické republiky | Mezinárodní vztahy | e-Polis – Internetový politologický časopis", E-polis.cz, अन्तिम पहुँच २४ फेब्रुअरी २०१४।
- ↑ "Project MUSE – l Sailing in the Shadow of the Vietnam War: The GDR Government and the "Vietnam Bonus" of the Early 1970s"।
- ↑ "Stasi Aid and the Modernization of the Vietnamese Secret Police", २० अगस्ट २०१४।
- ↑ २०.० २०.१ Radvanyi, Janos (१९८०), "Vietnam War Diplomacy: Reflections of a Former Iron Curtain Official", Paramaters: Journal of the US Army War College (Carlise Barracks, Pennsylvania) 10 (3): 8–15।
- ↑ Crump 2015, p. 183
- ↑ "Why did Sweden support the Viet Cong?", HistoryNet, २५ जुलाई २०१३, अन्तिम पहुँच २० जुलाई २०१६।
- ↑ "Sweden announces support to Viet Cong", HISTORY.com, अन्तिम पहुँच २० जुलाई २०१६, "In Sweden, Foreign Minister Torsten Nilsson reveals that Sweden has been providing assistance to the Viet Cong, including some $550,000 worth of medical supplies. Similar Swedish aid was to go to Cambodian and Laotian civilians affected by the Indochinese fighting. This support was primarily humanitarian in nature and included no military aid."
- ↑ Doyle, The North, pp. 45–49
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- ↑ Shenon, Philip (२३ अप्रिल १९९५), "20 Years After Victory, Vietnamese Communists Ponder How to Celebrate", The New York Times, अन्तिम पहुँच २४ फेब्रुअरी २०११। The Vietnamese government officially claimed a rough estimate of 2 million civilian deaths, but it did not divide these deaths between those of North and South Vietnam.
- ↑ "fifty years of violent war deaths: data analysis from the world health survey program: BMJ", २३ अप्रिल २००८, अन्तिम पहुँच ५ जनवरी २०१३। From 1955 to 2002, data from the surveys indicated an estimated 5.4 million violent war deaths … 3.8 million in Vietnam
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- युद्ध
- अष्ट्रेलिया सम्मिलित युद्धहरू
- कम्बोडिया सम्मिलित युद्धहरू
- क्यानडा सम्मिलित युद्धहरू
- लाओस सम्मिलित युद्धहरू
- न्युजी ल्याण्ड सम्मिलित युद्धहरू
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- उत्तर कोरिया सम्मिलित युद्धहरू
- दक्षिण कोरिया सम्मिलित युद्धहरू
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- थाइल्याण्ड सम्मिलित युद्धहरू
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- भियतनाम सम्मिलित युद्धहरू
